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What Is Life Answered in Terms of Properties and Activities of Auto-cooperative Assemblies of Molecules, Atoms,Ions and Electrons Called Nano-protoplasm

机译:根据分子,原子,离子和电子的自动协作装配的性质和活性,生命被称为纳米原生质

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In MID-17™ CENTURY English chemist, Robert Boyle regretted: "It is highly dishonorable for a reasonable soul to live in so Divinely built a mansion as the Body she resides in, altogether unacquainted with the exquisite structure of it." After the Lisbon earthquake in 1755 where many innocent men, women and children were killed for no faults of their own, French writer Voltaire lamented in his poem: "Man is a stranger to his own research. . .thinking atoms .. .have measured distant stars,.. .Ourselves we never see or come to know." In 1738 and thus seventeen years before Voltaire invoked thinking atoms, Swiss-Dutch mathematician, Daniel Bernoulli published his Kinetic Theory of Gases. In this theory gases are collections of rapidly and randomly moving corpuscles or molecules and their ceaseless bombardments on the wall of the container give rise to the pressure in all directions-a phenomenon unexplained until then. Notwithstanding, he and three other top-notch advocates of the Kinetic Theory of Gases were all rejected. Indeed, physicists as a whole did not believe that atoms (and molecules) are real until the beginning of the 20th century-some 170 years after Bernoulli's publication. The present paper mentions how the last rejected creator of the Kinetic Theory of Gas, the ill-fated Austrian mathematician-physicist, Ludwig Boltzmann also invented the modern branch of physics called Statistical Mechanics before taking his own life. And it was this invention and the new knowledge on protein structure uncovered by the German chemist, Emil Fischer that had provided the twin pillars, on which "A Physical Theory of the Living State" called "the Association-Induction Hypothesis" was launched in 1962. Another sixty years of continued theoretical and experimental studies later, I am ready to present here the most up-to-date and mature version of the only known definition of life. Thus, at long last Mankind has come to know what we are in our divinely built Mansion.
机译:在MID-17™世纪英国化学家中,罗伯特·博伊尔(Robert Boyle)感到遗憾:“生活在一个合理的灵魂中是非常不光彩的,因此神圣地建造了她所居住的宅邸,却完全不知道它的精致结构。” 1755年里斯本地震之后,许多无辜的男女老幼被无故杀害,法国作家伏尔泰(Voltaire)在诗中感叹道:“人对自己的研究很陌生……认为原子的人……已经量度了……遥远的星星……我们自己从未见过或不知道。” 1738年,也就是伏尔泰引用思维原子之前的十七年,瑞士荷兰数学家丹尼尔·伯努利发表了《气体动力学理论》。在这种理论中,气体是快速随机运动的小分子或分子的集合,它们在容器壁上的不断轰击会在各个方向上产生压力,这一现象直到现在还无法解释。尽管如此,他和其他三位气体动力学理论的顶尖提倡者都被拒绝了。的确,直到20世纪初,即伯努利出版之后的170年,物理学家们才整体上认为原子(和分子)是真实的。本文提到了气体动力学理论的最后一位被否定的作者,命运多-的奥地利数学家-物理学家路德维格·玻尔兹曼(Ludwig Boltzmann)在自杀前如何发明了物理学的现代分支,即统计力学。正是这一发明和德国化学家埃米尔·费舍尔(Emil Fischer)揭示的蛋白质结构新知识提供了双重支柱,1962年发起了“活体状态的物理理论”,称为“协会归纳假说”。在接下来的60年中,我继续进行理论和实验研究,我准备在这里介绍生命的唯一已知定义的最新和最成熟的版本。因此,终于人类终于知道我们在神造的大厦中是什么。

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