The influence of residual stress on pipeline integrity depends not only on the length scale, magnitude, direction and type of the residual stress, but also the "limit state" in pipeline-design consideration. The extent of such influence is also affected by the material property of the pipeline, the manufacturing method and thermal history. Figure 4 summarizes the different factors that should be considered when answering the question, "Does residual stress matter in pipelines?" (Fig. 4)
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