Problem Is The Result of Industry's Move To Use Higher Pressures

John J. Carroll

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Problem Is The Result of Industry's Move To Use Higher Pressures

机译：问题是行业转向使用更高压力的结果

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Hydrate formation is one of the problems that challenge the industry's move to high-pressure natural gas production, processing, and transportation. Hydrates are solid, crystalline compounds formed from water and small molecules. They are very much like common ice in both their appearance and their properties ― with at least one important exception. Hydrates form at temperatures greater than 32℉, which is the freezing point of water. In addition it takes at least two compounds to make a hydrate. Those compounds are water and a hydrate former. In the early era of the natural gas business, gas was produced and delivered at relatively low pressure. Thus, hydrates were never encountered. In the twentieth century, with the expansion of the natural gas industry, the production, processing, and distribution of gas became high-pressure operations. Under pressure, it was discovered that pipelines and processing equipment were becoming plugged with what appeared to be ice, except the conditions were too warm for ice to form. It was not until the 1930s that Hammerschmidt (1934) demonstrated that the "ice" was actually gas hydrates.

机译：水合物的形成是挑战该行业向高压天然气生产，加工和运输转移的问题之一。水合物是由水和小分子形成的固体结晶化合物。它们在外观和性能上都非常像普通的冰-至少有一个重要的例外。水合物是在高于水的冰点32℉的温度下形成的。另外，至少需要两种化合物才能形成水合物。这些化合物是水和水合物形成剂。在天然气业务的早期，天然气是在相对较低的压力下生产和输送的。因此，从未遇到水合物。在二十世纪，随着天然气工业的发展，天然气的生产，加工和分配成为高压作业。在压力下，人们发现管道和加工设备被似乎是冰的东西堵住了，只是条件太热而无法结冰。直到1930年代，Hammerschmidt（1934）才证明“冰”实际上是气体水合物。

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来源
《Pipeline & gas journal》 |2003年第6期|p.60-61|共2页
作者
John J. Carroll;
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作者单位

Gas Liquids Engineering Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada;

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收录信息美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
原文格式 PDF
正文语种 eng
中图分类管道运输;煤炭气化工业;
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Problem Is The Result of Industry's Move To Use Higher Pressures

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