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I often notice that accident reports cite being "over gross" as contributing to the incident. In "X-Country Log: Singapore By Bonanza" [July 2009], Bill Cox mentions being "700 pounds over gross." How can a plane be that far over gross and fly? Are manufacturers just overcautious in stating the limits over an overload?rnThe manufacturer's limits are realistic for normal operation, but keep in mind that ferry pilots often operate under a temporary special airworthiness certificate that makes over-gross operation quasi-legal. We typically fly about 15% to 20% over with ferry fuel. On long Pacific routes, we sometimes must fly heavier, at least 25% over. The worst I've seen is 30% on a Beech Duke (normal gross was 6,775 pounds, so max gross was 8,808 pounds-2,033 pounds over gross). Anything over 30% usually demands an engineering study by the manufacturer to verify the plane can take the stress.

机译：我经常注意到，事故报告援引事件的发生是“过大”。比尔·考克斯（Bill Cox）在“ X-Country Log：Singapore By Bonanza”（2009年7月）中提到“比毛重700磅”。一架飞机怎么能过得这么远呢？制造商在说明超载限制时是否只是出于谨慎考虑？制造商的限制对于正常运行是现实的，但请记住，渡轮驾驶员通常会根据临时的特殊适航证书进行操作，这会使过大的操作成为准法律。我们通常会乘渡轮燃料飞15％至20％以上。在较长的太平洋航线上，有时我们必须加重飞机，至少要高出25％。我见过的最糟糕的是比奇公爵（Beech Duke）的30％（正常毛重为6,775磅，因此最大毛重为8,808磅至2,033磅）。通常，任何超过30％的零件都需要制造商进行工程研究，以验证飞机是否可以承受压力。

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《Plane & pilot》 |2009年第9期|8|共1页
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