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Conceptual model for the origin of the Olympus Mons cliffs, Mars: An essential influence of water?

机译：火星奥林匹斯山悬崖峭壁成因的概念模型：水的基本影响力？

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With a height of 21 km above the mean Martian altitude and a diameter of 600 km, the Olympus Mons of Mars is the highest and one of the largest volcanoes in the Solar System. It is a distinctive shield volcano, formed by stacked sequences of low-viscosity magma. Whereas the central part of the Olympus Mons exhibits slope angles of less than 1-5 , the periphery of the edifice terminates with steep cliffs sloping 12-15 up to 28 . Another remarkable feature is the aureole, a chain of crown-like deposits surrounding the edifice of Olympus Mons from an average distance of 400 km. The aureole deposits, which lack any obvious analogue on the Earth, have been variously interpreted as volcanic products, pyroclastic or ash flows, slow deep-seated deformation, or catastrophic landslides. Numerical simulations and a comparative study of similar volcanic structures on Earth suggest that a volcanic edifice with the characteristics of Olympus Mons cannot be formed without the presence of water at the base. Because of the low cooling rate of lava in sub-aerial conditions, the superposition of purely subaerial lava flows would contribute with gentle slope to the topography. In contrast, the presence of a medium like water increases the convective heat exchange rate by nearly three orders of magnitude, thus stopping the lava flow and causing a slope increase at the borders of the edifice, which subsequently collapses. A model for the evolution of the Olympus Mons is consequently suggested in analogy with the Canary and the Hawaii island on Earth.
机译：火星奥林匹斯山高出平均火星高度21公里，直径600公里，是太阳系中最高的火山，也是最大的火山之一。它是由低粘度岩浆的堆叠序列形成的独特的盾构火山。奥林匹斯山（Olympus Mons）的中央部分的倾斜角小于1-5，而大厦的外围则以陡峭的悬崖终止，坡度为12-15到28。另一个显着的特征是aureole，这是一系列冠状沉积物，平均距离为400 km，围绕着Olympus Mons大厦。地球上缺乏任何明显类似物的金黄色沉积物，已被不同地解释为火山产物，火山碎屑或灰烬流，深部形变缓慢或灾难性的山体滑坡。数值模拟和对地球上类似火山结构的比较研究表明，如果没有底部的水，就无法形成具有奥林匹斯山（Olympus Mons）特征的火山大厦。由于在地下条件下熔岩的冷却速率低，纯地下熔岩流的叠加将有助于地形的平缓倾斜。相反，诸如水之类的介质的存在将对流热交换速率提高了近三个数量级，从而阻止了熔岩流并在建筑物的边界处导致了坡度的增加，随后坍塌了。因此，与地球上的金丝雀和夏威夷岛类似，提出了奥林匹斯山（Olympus Mons）演化的模型。

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