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Gale Crater: Formation and post-impact hydrous environments

机译:大风火山口:形成和撞击后含水环境

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摘要

Gale Crater, the landing site of the 2011 Mars Science Laboratory mission, formed in the Late Noachian. It is a 150 km diameter complex impact structure with a central mound (Mount Sharp), the original features of which may be transitional between a central peak and peak ring impact structure. The impact might have melted portions of the substrate to a maximum depth of ~ 17 km and produced a minimum of 3600 km~3 of impact melt, half of which likely remained within the crater. The bulk of this impact melt would have pooled in an annular depression surrounding the central uplift, creating an impact melt pool as thick as 0.5-1 km. The ejecta blanket surrounding Gale may have been as thick as ~600 m, which has implications for the amount of erosion that has occurred since Gale Crater formed. After the impact, a hydrothermal system may have been active for several hundred thousand years and a crater lake with associated sediments is likely to have formed. The hydrothermal system, and associated lakes and springs, likely caused mineral alteration and precipitation. In the presence of S-rich host rocks, the alteration phases are modelled to contain sheet silicates, quartz, sulphates, and sulphides. Modelled alteration assemblages may be more complex if groundwater interaction persisted after initial alteration. The warm-water environment might have provided conditions supportive of life. Deep fractures would have allowed for hydraulic connectivity into the deep subsurface, where biotic chemistry (and possibly other evidence of life) may be preserved.
机译:大风火山口(Gale Crater)是2011年火星科学实验室飞行任务的着陆点,形成于Noachian晚期。它是一个直径150公里的复杂冲击结构,带有一个中央丘(夏普山),其原始特征可能是在中心峰和峰环冲击结构之间过渡。冲击可能会使部分基材熔化到最大深度约17 km,并产生至少3600 km〜3的冲击熔体,其中一半可能保留在陨石坑内。这种冲击熔体的大部分将聚集在围绕中央隆起的环形凹陷中,从而形成厚度为0.5-1 km的冲击熔体池。大风周围的喷射层可能厚达〜600 m,这与大风火山口形成以来发生的侵蚀量有关。撞击之后,一个热液系统可能已经活跃了数十万年,并且可能形成了带有相关沉积物的火山口湖。热液系统以及相关的湖泊和泉水很可能引起矿物改变和降水。在富含S的基质岩存在下,蚀变相被建模为包含片状硅酸盐,石英,硫酸盐和硫化物。如果初始变化后地下水相互作用仍然存在,则模拟的变化组合可能会更复杂。温暖的水环境可能提供了支持生命的条件。深部裂缝将允许与深部地下的水力连通,在那里可以保留生物化学作用(可能还有其他生命证据)。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Planetary and space science》 |2012年第1期|p.84-95|共12页
  • 作者单位

    Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston TK 77058, USA,The Open University, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 & AA, United Kingdom;

    Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston TK 77058, USA,U.S. Geological Survey, Astrogeology Research Program, 2255N. Gemini Dr., Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA;

    ARES, NASAJSC, Mail code: KA, 2101 NASA Road One, Houston, TK 77058, USA;

    Space Research Centre, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK;

    Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston TK 77058, USA;

    Southern Illinois University, Geology Department-MC 4234, 1259 Lincoln Dr, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA;

    Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston TK 77058, USA;

    Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston TK 77058, USA,Los Alamos National Laboratory, Space Remote Sensing, ISR-2, Mail Stop D-466, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA,Universite de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, Toulouse, France;

    Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston TK 77058, USA;

    Institute of Meteoritics and Dept. of Earth and Planetary Sciences MSC03-2050, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;

    Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston TK 77058, USA;

    Planetary Science Institute, 1700 East Fort Lowell Rd., Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;

    Los Alamos National Laboratory, Space Remote Sensing, ISR-2, Mail Stop D-466, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;

    Lunar and Planetary Institute, USRA, 3600 Bay Area Blvd., Houston TK 77058, USA,Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University St. Louis, Campus Box 1169, 1 Brookings Dr., St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    gale crater; impact-processes; hydrothermal; phyllosilicates; astrobiology;

    机译:大风火山口冲击过程;水热页硅酸盐;天体生物学;

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