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Historical space psychology: Early terrestrial explorations as Mars analogues

机译：历史空间心理学：作为火星类似物的早期陆地探索

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The simulation and analogue environments used by psychologists to circumvent the difficulties of conducting research in space lack many of the unique characteristics of future explorations, especially the mission to Mars. This paper suggests that appropriate additional analogues would be the multi-year maritime and terrestrial explorations that mapped the surface of the Earth in previous centuries. These, like Mars, often involved a hazardous trek through unknown territory, flanked by extended, dangerous voyages to and from the exploration sites. Characteristic issues included interpersonal relationships under prolonged stress, stretches of boredom interspersed with intense work demands, the impossibility of rescue, resupply, or other help from home, chronic danger, physical discomfort and lack of privacy, and the crucial role of the leader. Illustrative examples of one important factor, leadership style, are discussed. The examination of such expeditions can help to identify the psychological stressors that are likely to be experienced by Mars explorers, and can also indicate countermeasures to reduce the damaging impact of those stressors.
机译：心理学家用来规避在太空进行研究的困难的模拟和模拟环境缺乏未来探索的许多独特特征，尤其是对火星的任务。本文建议，适当的其他类似物将是对过去几个世纪的地球表面进行测绘的多年海洋和陆地探索。这些像火星一样，通常会穿越未知区域进行危险的跋涉，两侧是往返于勘探地点的漫长而危险的航程。特色问题包括长期压力下的人际关系，无聊的时间点缀着繁重的工作要求，无法进行救援，补给或其他在家帮助，长期危险，身体不适和缺乏隐私以及领导者的关键作用。讨论了一个重要因素（领导风格）的说明性示例。对此类探险活动的检查可以帮助您确定火星探险家可能会遇到的心理压力源，也可以指出减少这些压力源的破坏性影响的对策。

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