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首页> 外文期刊>Planetary and space science >High Lake gossan deposit: An Arctic analogue for ancient Martian surficial processes?
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High Lake gossan deposit: An Arctic analogue for ancient Martian surficial processes?

机译：高湖戈桑山矿床：古代火星表面过程的北极类似物吗？

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摘要

Gossan samples collected during a reconnaissance expedition to High Lake in Nunavut, Canada, were analyzed to determine their mineral components and to define parameters for the geochemical environment in which they formed. The gossan represents a natural acid drainage site in an arctic environment that serves as an analogue to the conditions under which sulfate and Fe-oxide possibly formed on Mars. Rock and soil samples were taken from three different outcrops and analyzed using XRD, SEM/EDS and Mossbauer. Two main mineral assemblages were observed. The first assemblage, which was found primarily in samples from the first outcrop, contained chlorite, Fe-phosphates, Fe-oxide and quartz. The second assemblage, which was found at the second and third outcrops, was primarily quartz, mica and jarosite. One sample (G41), containing Fe-oxide, jarosite and gypsum, appears to be transitional between a Fe-oxide dominant assemblage to a jarosite dominant assemblage. Thermodynamic equilibria predicts that the gossan pore water should range from mildly acidic, relatively sulfate-poor (pH 3-6; SO_4 <1000mgl~(-1)) to highly acidic and relatively sulfate-rich (pH 0.5-3; SO_4 >3000mgl~(-1)) for the first and second mineral assemblages, respectively. Kinetic reaction models indicate that the second assemblage replaces the first during evaporation or freezing of water. Compared to acid mine drainage (AMD) sites located in temperate regions, the arctic High Lake gossan lacks diversity in sulfate species and has smaller diagenetic crystal sizes. The smaller crystal size may reflect the slower reaction rates at colder temperatures and the seasonal water saturation. These initial results indicate that the High Lake gossan deposit does record mechanisms for which minerals like hematite, goethite, gypsum and jarosite, which are found on Mars, can form in an environment that involves seasonal water occurrence in a cold climate.
机译：对加拿大努纳武特高湖侦察探险期间收集的高桑样品进行了分析，以确定它们的矿物成分并确定了形成它们的地球化学环境的参数。戈桑代表了北极环境中的天然酸性排水点，类似于在火星上可能形成硫酸盐和铁氧化物的条件。从三个不同的露头采集岩石和土壤样品，并使用XRD，SEM / EDS和Mossbauer进行分析。观察到两个主要的矿物组合。第一个组合主要是在第一个露头的样品中发现的，包含亚氯酸盐，磷酸铁，氧化铁和石英。在第二和第三个露头发现的第二个组合主要是石英，云母和黄钾铁矾。包含Fe-氧化物，黄钾铁矾和石膏的一个样品（G41）似乎在Fe-氧化物占主导地位的组合物到黄钾铁矾占主导地位的组合之间过渡。热力学平衡预测，戈桑孔隙水的范围应从弱酸性，相对贫硫酸的（pH 3-6； SO_4 <1000mgl〜（-1））到高度酸性且富硫酸的（pH 0.5-3； SO_4> 3000mgl） 〜（-1））分别用于第一和第二矿物组合。动力学反应模型表明，在水的蒸发或冻结过程中，第二种组合取代了第一种组合。与位于温带地区的酸性矿山排水（AMD）站点相比，北极高湖戈桑缺乏硫酸盐物种的多样性，并且成岩晶体尺寸较小。较小的晶体尺寸可能反映了在较低温度和季节性水饱和下反应速度较慢。这些初步结果表明，高湖戈桑矿床确实记录了在火星上发现的赤铁矿，针铁矿，石膏和黄钾铁矾等矿物可能在寒冷的季节中出现季节性水的环境中形成的机理。

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  • 来源
    《Planetary and space science》 |2009年第11期|1302-1311|共10页
  • 作者

    L. West; D.J. McGown; T.C. Onstott; R.V. Morris; P. Suchecki; L.M. Pratt;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;

    Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;

    Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA;

    ARES, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA;

    Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA;

    Department of Geological Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    mars analogue; mineralogy; gossan; arctic; moessbauer;

    机译：火星模拟矿物学;戈桑北极;莫斯鲍尔;

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