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Characterization of polar bear (Ursus maritimus) diets in the Canadian High Arctic

机译：加拿大高北极地区北极熊（Ursus maritimus）饮食的特征

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摘要

Climate-driven changes in the quality and availability of sea ice habitat (e.g., spatial extent, thickness, and duration of open water) are expected to affect Arctic species primarily through altered foraging opportunities. However, trophic interactions in Arctic marine systems are often poorly understood, especially in remote high-latitude regions. We used quantitative fatty acid signature analysis to examine the diets of 198 polar bears (Ursus maritimus) harvested between 2010 and 2012 in the subpopulations of Baffin Bay, Gulf of Boothia, and Lancaster Sound. The objective was to characterize diet composition and identify ecological factors supporting the high density of polar bears in these regions. Polar bears across the study area fed primarily on ringed seals (Pusa hispida, 41-56 %), although bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus, 11-24 %) and beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas, 15-19 %) were also important prey. Harp seals (Pagophilus groenlandicus) were a major food source in Baffin Bay. Dietary diversity was greatest in Baffin Bay, perhaps because marine mammals were attracted to the nutrient-rich waters in and downstream from the North Water Polynya. Foraging patterns differed across age and sex classes of polar bear. In Baffin Bay, adult females had high levels of bearded seal in their diet, whereas adult males and subadults consumed high levels of harp seal. Seasonal variation in polar bear foraging was related to known migration patterns of marine mammals. Our results add to existing evidence that polar bears in these three separate subpopulations have a shared conservation status.
机译：气候驱动的海冰栖息地质量和可用性的变化（例如，空间范围，厚度和开放水域的持续时间）预计将主要通过改变觅食机会来影响北极物种。然而，北极海洋系统中的营养相互作用通常很少被理解，特别是在偏远的高纬度地区。我们使用定量脂肪酸特征分析来检查2010年至2012年之间在Baffin湾，Booth of Boothia和Lancaster Sound的亚群中收获的198头北极熊的饮食。目的是表征饮食组成并确定支持这些地区北极熊高密度的生态因素。整个研究区域中的北极熊主要以环状海豹（Pusa hispida，41-56％）为食，尽管有胡子的海豹（Erignathus barbatus，11-24％）和白鲸（Delphinapterus leucas，15-19％）也是重要的猎物。竖琴海豹（Pagophilus groenlandicus）是巴芬湾的主要食物来源。巴芬湾的饮食多样性最大，这也许是因为海洋哺乳动物被北水波利尼亚河下游及其下游的营养丰富的水域所吸引。不同年龄和性别的北极熊的觅食模式不同。在巴芬湾，成年雌性的饮食中有大量的胡须海豹，而成年雄性和亚成年的人则食用高含量的竖琴海豹。北极熊觅食的季节性变化与已知的海洋哺乳动物迁移模式有关。我们的结果增加了现有证据，表明这三个单独的亚种群中的北极熊具有共同的保护地位。

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