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首页> 外文期刊>Polar biology >Neither season nor sex affects the cost of terrestrial locomotion in a circumpolar diving duck: the common eider (Somateria mollissima)
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Neither season nor sex affects the cost of terrestrial locomotion in a circumpolar diving duck: the common eider (Somateria mollissima)

机译：季节和性别都不会影响圆极潜水鸭的陆地运动成本：常见的绒鸭（Somateria mollissima）

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摘要

Locomotion accounts for a significant proportion of the energy budget in birds, and selection is likely to act on its economy, particularly where energy conservation is essential for survival. Birds are capable of different forms of locomotion, such as walking/running, swimming, diving and flying, and adaptations for these affect the energetic cost [cost of locomotion (CoL)] and kinematics of terrestrial locomotion. Furthermore, seasonal changes in climate and photoperiod elicit physiological and behavioural adaptations for survival and reproduction, which also influence energy budget. However, little is understood about how this might affect the CoL. Birds are also known to exhibit sex differences in size, behaviour and physiology; however, sex differences in terrestrial locomotion have only been studied in two cursorially adapted galliform species in which males achieved higher maximum speeds, and in one case had a lower mass-specific CoL than females. Here, using respirometry and high-speed video recordings, we sought to determine whether season and sex would affect the CoL and kinematics of a principally aquatic diving bird: the circumpolar common eider (Somateria mollissima). We demonstrate that eiders are only capable of a walking gait and exhibit no seasonal or sex differences in mass-specific CoL or maximum speed. Despite sharing identical limb morphometrics, the birds exhibited subtle sex differences in kinematic parameters linked to the greater body mass of the males. We suggest that their principally aquatic lifestyle accounts for the observed patterns in their locomotor performance. Furthermore, sex differences in the CoL may only be found in birds in which terrestrial locomotion directly influences male reproductive success.
机译：运动在鸟类的能量预算中占很大比例，选择很可能会影响其经济，特别是在节能对于生存至关重要的情况下。鸟类能够进行多种形式的运动，例如步行/奔跑，游泳，潜水和飞行，对它们的适应会影响能量消耗[运动成本（CoL）]和陆上运动学。此外，气候和光周期的季节性变化引起了生存和繁殖的生理和行为适应，这也影响了能量收支。但是，对于这可能如何影响CoL知之甚少。还已知鸟类在大小，行为和生理上表现出性别差异；然而，仅在两种适应于光标的鸡形物种中研究了陆地运动的性别差异，其中雄性达到了最高速度，并且在一种情况下，其质量特异性CoL低于雌性。在这里，我们使用呼吸测定法和高速视频记录，试图确定季节和性别是否会影响主要水生潜水鸟：极常见绒毛（Somateria mollissima）的CoL和运动学。我们证明，绒毛只能步态行走，并且在特定质量的CoL或最大速度方面没有表现出季节性或性别差异。尽管共有相同的肢体形态，但这些鸟类在运动学参数上仍表现出细微的性别差异，这与雄性体重更大有关。我们建议他们的主要水生生活方式占其运动表现的观察模式。此外，在CoL中的性别差异可能仅在陆上运动直接影响雄性生殖成功的鸟类中发现。

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