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首页> 外文期刊>The Journal of Experimental Biology >Aquatic burst locomotion by hydroplaning and paddling in common eiders (Somateria mollissima)
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Aquatic burst locomotion by hydroplaning and paddling in common eiders (Somateria mollissima)

机译：常见绒毛中滑水和划水的水生运动（Somateria mollissima）

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摘要

Common eiders (Somateria mollissima) are heavy sea-ducks that spend a large portion of their time swimming at the water surface. Surface swimming generates a bow and hull wave that can constructively interfere and produce wave drag. The speed at which the wavelengths of these waves equal the waterline length of the swimming animal is the hull speed. To increase surface swimming speed beyond the hull speed, an animal must overtake the bow wave. This study found two distinct behaviors that eider ducks used to exceed the hull speed: (1) 'steaming', which involved rapid oaring with the wings to propel the duck along the surface of the water, and (2) 'paddle-assisted flying', during which the ducks lifted their bodies out of the water and used their feet to paddle against the surface while flapping their wings in the air. An average hull speed (0.732 +/- 0.046 m s(-1)) was calculated for S. mollissima by measuring maximum waterline length from museum specimens. On average, steaming ducks swam 5.5 times faster and paddle-assisted flying ducks moved 6.8 times faster than the hull speed. During steaming, ducks exceeded the hull speed by increasing their body angle and generating dynamic lift to overcome wave drag and hydroplane along the water surface. During paddle-assisted flying, ducks kept their bodies out of the water, thereby avoiding the limitations of wave drag altogether. Both behaviors provided alternatives to flight for these ducks by allowing them to exceed the hull speed while staying at or near the water surface.
机译：常见的绒鸭（Somateria mollissima）是沉重的海鸭，大部分时间都在水面上游泳。水面游泳会产生船首波浪和船体波浪，可以相长干涉并产生波浪阻力。这些波的波长等于游泳动物的水线长度的速度是船体速度。为了使水面游泳速度超过船体速度，动物必须超越船首波。这项研究发现了鸭绒曾经超过船体速度的两种不同行为：（1）“蒸”，其中包括用翅膀快速起泡沫以推动鸭沿水面前进，以及（2）“桨助飞行” ”，在这期间，鸭子将尸体从水中举起，用脚踩着水面，同时将翅膀拍打在空中。通过测量博物馆标本的最大吃水线长度，可为S. mollissima计算平均船体速度（0.732 +/- 0.046 m s（-1））。平均而言，蒸鸭的游动速度是船体速度的5.5倍，桨助飞鸭的运动速度是船体速度的6.8倍。在蒸煮过程中，鸭子通过增加其体角并产生动态升力来克服沿水面的波浪阻力和水上飞机，从而超过了船体速度。在桨辅助飞行过程中，鸭子将其身体挡在水中，从而完全避免了波浪阻力的限制。两种行为为这些鸭子提供了飞行的替代方法，方法是允许它们在停留在水面或附近时超过船体速度。

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