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Detection, differentiation, and abundance estimation of penguin species by high-resolution satellite imagery

机译:高分辨率卫星图像对企鹅物种的检测,区分和丰富度估计

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摘要

Due to its high spatial resolution, broad spatial coverage, and cost-effectiveness, commercial satellite imag-ery is rapidly becoming a key component of biological mon-itoring in the Antarctic. While considerable success in surveying emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) has been facilitated by their large size and the visual simplicity of their habitat, there has been considerably less progress in mapping colonies on the Antarctic Peninsula and associated sub-Ant-arctic islands where smaller penguin species breed on topo-graphically complex terrain composed of mixed substrates. Here, we demonstrate that Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), chinstrap penguin (P. antarcticus), gentoo penguin (P. papua), and macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) colonies can be detected by high-resolution (2-m multispec-tral, 40-50-cm panchromatic) satellite imagery and that under ideal conditions, such imagery is capable of distinguishing among groups of species where they breed contiguously. To demonstrate the potential for satellite imag-ery to estimate penguin population abundance, we use satellite imagery of Paulet Island (63°35'S, 55°47'W) to estimate a site-wide population of 115,673 (99,222-127,203) breeding pairs of Adelie penguins.
机译:由于其高空间分辨率,广阔的空间覆盖范围和成本效益,商业卫星图像正迅速成为南极生物监测的关键组成部分。虽然大型企鹅及其栖息地的视觉简便性在调查帝企鹅(Aptenodytes forsteri)方面取得了相当大的成功,但在绘制南极半岛及相关南极北极小企鹅的殖民地上绘制地图的工作却进展缓慢该物种在由混合底物组成的地形复杂的地形上繁殖。在这里,我们证明了可以通过高分辨率(2-m multispec-tral)检出阿德利企鹅(Pygoscelis adeliae)、,带企鹅(P. antarcticus),金头企鹅(P. papua)和通心粉企鹅(Eudyptes chrysolophus)菌落。 (例如40-50厘米的全色)卫星图像,并且在理想条件下,此类图像能够区分它们连续繁殖的物种组。为了展示卫星影像技术估计企鹅种群数量的潜力,我们使用保莱特岛(63°35'S,55°47'W)的卫星图像来估算全场种群115,673(99,222-127,203)个繁殖对,阿德利企鹅。

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