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首页> 外文期刊>Polar biology >Stealing bivalves from common eiders: kleptoparasitism by glaucous gulls in spring
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Stealing bivalves from common eiders: kleptoparasitism by glaucous gulls in spring

机译：偷走普通鸭绒类的双壳类动物：春季食性海鸥引起的睑缘寄生

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Here I report on glaucous gulls (Larus hyperbo-reus), an opportunistic, generalist predator, stealing bivalves from a diving duck, the common eider (Somateria mollissima). The study took place in spring, the pre-breed-ing period of the common eider, in an Arctic fjord (Adventfjorden) at western Spitsbergen, Svalbard. Eiders were abundant, their presence predictable, and they fed on large prey requiring surface handling-all factors facilitating food theft. Only adult glaucous gulls attended the eider flocks. The glaucous gulls brought stolen prey ashore. Amongst these the bivalve Mya neoovata (Myidae) was common. The probability that an eider flock was attended by glaucous gulls declined as the season progressed and increased with the foraging activity of the eiders. Eider flock size and the degree of aggregation within flocks were poor predictors of gull presence. However, eider flocks attended by a single gull were smaller than flocks attended by more than one gull. Common eiders are capital breeders which build up large energy reserves prior to breeding. Kleptoparasitism, therefore, may have a negative impact on eider energy acquisition in early spring. For the glaucous gull, kleptoparasitism may be important as few other food sources are available this time of the season.
机译：在这里，我报道了一个有机会的，通才的掠食性动物-白鸥（Larus hyperbo-reus），从一只常见的绒鸭（Somateria mollissima）的野鸭身上偷走了双壳类动物。这项研究是在春季，即普通绒毛的繁殖时期，在斯瓦尔巴特群岛的斯匹次卑尔根西部的一个北极峡湾（Adventfjorden）进行的。绒毛丰富，它们的存在是可预测的，并且它们以需要表面处理的大型猎物为食，而所有这些因素都有助于食物失窃。只有成年的白海鸥参加了绒鸭群。灰褐色的海鸥将被盗的猎物带上岸。在这些当中，双壳动物新卵（Myaidae）很常见。随着季节的进行，绒毛羊被绒毛海鸥照料的可能性下降，并且随着绒毛的觅食活动而增加。绒鸭群的大小和鸡群内的聚集程度不能很好地预测鸥的存在。但是，由一只鸥饲养的绒鸭群要比由一只鸥饲养的绒鸭群要小。常见的绒毛是资本育种者，在育种之前会积累大量的能源。因此，寄生性寄生虫病可能会对早春的绒毛能量获取产生负面影响。对于白垩纪的海鸥，因为本季节这个时候很少有其他食物来源，所以鳞状寄生虫可能很重要。

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