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Variation in the adult body mass of Wilson's storm petrels Oceanites oceanicus during breeding

机译：繁殖期间威尔逊风暴海燕Oceanites oceanicus的成年体重变化

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摘要

Mass loss of breeding birds might be due to the physiological stress of breeding or it could be an adaptation to lower the costs of flight to the feeding areas. We examined the natural variation in the adult body mass of Wilson's storm petrels Oceanites oceanicus on King George Island, South Shetland Islands over four breeding seasons. During two seasons, the prey abundance was high, while it was poor during the other two seasons. Only breeding birds were sampled; the fluctuations in mass were similar among males and females. During incubation, the mass of the adults was high in good seasons and low in poor seasons. Thus, body mass during incubation was determined by energetic constraints. However, during chick feeding, adults lost mass in the good seasons but gained mass in the poor seasons, suggesting that mass loss during chick rearing is not primarily caused by stress, but is regulated adaptively. Adults in poor conditions may buffer against unpredictable food supply by increasing their own body mass, even at the expense of the chick. Reduced body condition at the beginning of the breeding season was associated with reduced egg volumes and late laying, suggesting that the initial body condition influenced the level of investment in the current breeding attempt.
机译：繁殖鸟类的大量损失可能是由于繁殖的生理压力造成的，也可能是为了降低飞往饲养区域的飞行成本而做出的调整。我们研究了四个繁殖季节在南设得兰群岛乔治岛的威尔逊风暴海燕Oceanites oceanicus成年体重的自然变化。在两个季节中，猎物的丰度很高，而在另外两个季节中，它们的丰度却很差。仅对繁殖鸟类进行采样；男性和女性的质量波动相似。在孵化过程中，成年季节的成虫质量较高，而在不利季节的成虫质量较低。因此，孵化过程中的体重是由精力旺盛的约束条件决定的。但是，在雏鸡喂养期间，成年鸡在好季节失去了质量，而在较差季节却增加了质量，这表明雏鸡饲养过程中的质量下降不是主要由压力引起的，而是由适应性调节的。成年条件差的成年者可能会通过增加自身体重来减轻不可预料的食物供应，即使牺牲雏鸡也是如此。繁殖季节开始时身体状况的下降与产蛋量的减少和后期产蛋有关，这表明初始身体状况影响了当前育种尝试的投资水平。

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