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Selection of maternity dens by female polar bears in western Hudson Bay, Canada and the effects of human disturbance

机译：加拿大哈德逊湾西部雌性北极熊的产房选择及人为干扰的影响

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摘要

We deployed 19 satellite radio collars on adult female polar bears (Ursus maritimus) in western Hudson Bay to study how pregnant females select maternity-den sites and the degree to which human disturbance might influence this process. To eliminate the possibility that being handled while pregnant might influence the final choice of a suitable site, the collars were attached 1 year before the females were expected to select dens. Our results indicated that pregnant females moved inland and selected an area to den shortly after coming ashore in the summer and remained there if not disturbed. We analyzed 24 years of consecutive data (1979-2002) to examine whether disturbance of pregnant females in the denning area in the autumn affected litter size or mass of cubs the following spring. We defined three levels of disturbance (none- bear not seen; low-bear seen but not handled; high-bear seen and handled), and found that disturbance had no effect on either litter size or the mass of male cubs. However, we did find that females handled in the autumn had significantly lighter female cubs than females that were not seen. Our disturbance of pregnant females occurred in August and September, which is only a few months prior to parturition; it is not known what the effects of disturbance might be in late October or early November, closer to the time when cubs are born.
机译：我们在哈德逊湾西部的成年雌性北极熊（Ursus maritimus）上部署了19个卫星无线电项圈，以研究怀孕的女性如何选择生育场所以及人为干扰对这一过程的影响程度。为了消除怀孕时处理可能影响合适部位最终选择的可能性，在预期雌性选择巢穴之前1年将项圈系上。我们的结果表明，怀孕的雌性在夏季到岸后不久便移入内陆并选择了一个可以居住的地方，如果没有受到干扰，他们会留在那里。我们分析了连续24年（1979-2002年）的数据，以检查秋季秋季在丹宁地区怀孕的雌性动物的干扰是否影响了第二年春季的产仔数或幼崽质量。我们定义了三种干扰水平（无熊；未见低熊但未处理；已见并处理高熊），发现干扰对垫料大小或雄性幼崽的质量均无影响。但是，我们确实发现，在秋天处理的雌性幼崽比未见过的雌性幼崽轻得多。我们对孕妇的骚扰发生在八月和九月，这是分娩前的几个月。目前尚不清楚十月下旬或十一月初（接近幼崽出生的时间）会带来什么影响。

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