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首页> 外文期刊>Polar biology >Parent-offspring conflict and transition to creche phase in Chinstrap Penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica)
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Parent-offspring conflict and transition to creche phase in Chinstrap Penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica)

机译：父母后代冲突和向Chinstrap Penguins（Pygoscelis南极洲）的阶段过渡

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摘要

Parent-offspring conflict theory predicts that offspring seek to prolong the parental care period, while parents strive to shorten it as much as possible. Transition to the creche phase in penguins involves changes in the dynamic of parental investment in chicks, and thus may be modulated by interests that benefit parent or offspring. We explored parent-offspring interactions in the Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) to understand the influence such interactions would have on transition to creche phase. We studied the effect of hatching date, nestling age, brood size, and nest location on parent-offspring interactions and the length of the guard phase. All behavioral variables related to nestling demands for parental investment increased as well as parental aggression towards their chicks, with increased nestling age. Brood size showed significant effects on both nestling and parental behavior. Hatching date was negatively correlated with the age at creche. Consequently, the decision to leave the chicks unguarded seemed to be more based on the condition of adults rather than of the chicks. Given the short time available for breeding in Antarctica and that penguins are long-lived birds with several opportunities to breed, there may be conflicting selective factors between investment in feeding chicks versus extending the period of resource acquisition and storage prior to moult.
机译：父母后代冲突理论预测，后代寻求延长父母的护理期，而父母努力尽可能缩短它。转向企鹅的Creche阶段涉及小鸡父母投资的动态变化，因此可能因利于父母或后代而受到影响的兴趣。我们探讨了Chinstrap企鹅（Pygoscelis南极洲）中的父母后代相互作用以了解这种相互作用对Creche阶段的影响。我们研究了孵化日期，雏鸟年龄，育房尺寸和巢穴位置对父母后代相互作用的影响和保护阶段的长度。与幼儿投资的雏鸟需求相关的所有行为变量都会增加以及对他们的小鸡的父母侵略，随着雏鸟的增加而增加。育雏大小对雏鸟和父母行为显示出显着影响。孵化日期与Creche的年龄负相关。因此，离开小鸡无人团的决定似乎更加基于成年人而不是小鸡的状况。鉴于南极洲繁殖的短时间，企鹅是养殖的多种机会的长期鸟类，在喂养小鸡的投资与换羽期间延长资源收购期间的投资之间可能相互矛盾的选择性因素。

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