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Police officers' assessment of operational situations

机译：警务人员对行动情况的评估

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Purpose - The aim of this study is to identify the dimensions used by police officers in Scotland to discriminate and categorise operational situations. Design/methodology/approach - This article was based on two studies: study 1 was a card-sorting task: 23 officers categorised a set of 19 typical police operational situations, analysed using multi-dimensional scaling; study 2 was a judgement task: 112 police officers rated 20 situations (19 from study 1) in terms of amount of time to make a decision, risk to self, risk to others, familiarity and stress. Frequency data and correlations were calculated. Findings - Study 1 results showed that the two main dimensions used to discriminate between situations were "familiarity" and "risk to the officer". Study 2 found that most situations required a decision in less than three minutes. Rank and experience were related to familiarity but not to the other judgements. The situations requiring the fastest decisions were also judged to be of higher risk and more unfamiliar. Risks to self and to others were highly correlated, and higher risk situations were judged as more stressful. Research limitations/implications - This preliminary study shows that knowledge elicitation techniques can be used to improve our understanding of police officers' knowledge and cognitive skills for operational policing. Practical implications - Good situational judgements form the basis of effective operational decision-making. Understanding how officers "read" situations and how this develops with expertise can provide valuable information for police training and critical incident management. Originality/value - Police officers' cognitive skills have rarely been studied in relation to routine operational policing. This study is a first attempt to examine situational judgement skills.
机译：目的-这项研究的目的是确定苏格兰警官用来区分和分类作战情况的范围。设计/方法/方法-本文基于两项研究：研究1是卡片分类任务：23名警官对19种典型的警察行动情况进行了分类，并使用多维标度进行了分析；研究2是一项判断任务：112名警官在做出决定的时间，自我风险，对他人的风险，熟悉程度和压力方面对20种情况（研究1中的19种）进行了评分。计算频率数据和相关性。调查结果-研究1的结果表明，用于区分情况的两个主要方面是“熟悉”和“对官员的风险”。研究2发现，大多数情况都需要在不到三分钟的时间内做出决定。等级和经验与熟悉程度有关，但与其他判断无关。还要求做出最快决策的情况具有更高的风险和更多的陌生感。自我和他人的风险高度相关，高风险情况被认为压力更大。研究的局限性/意义-这项初步研究表明，知识启发技术可以用来增进我们对警务知识的了解，并有助于开展警务工作。实际意义-良好的态势判断是有效运营决策的基础。了解警官如何“阅读”情况以及如何利用专业知识发展情况可以为警察培训和重大事件管理提供有价值的信息。独创性/价值-很少有人研究警官的认知技能与常规作战警务的关系。这项研究是检验情境判断能力的首次尝试。

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