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A study of the impact of three leadership styles on integrity violations committed by police officers

机译：三种领导方式对警官违反诚信行为的影响的研究

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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the connection between three aspects of leadership - role modeling, strictness, and openness - and nine types of integrity violations within the Dutch police force.rnDesign/methodology/approach - In this paper data were collected by means of a questionnaire from five regional police organizations in The Netherlands (2,130 questionnaires to regular police officers, response rate 51 percent). Respondents were requested to describe their direct supervisor's leadership qualities and the frequency of integrity violations in their unit. Multivariate analysis techniques were employed to test the relation between the three leadership styles and the nine types of integrity violations. Findings - The paper finds that role modeling, strictness, and openness of leaders influence the behavior of police officers, but the impact of the variables on the different types of integrity violations varies. Role modeling is especially significant in limiting unethical conduct in the context of interpersonal relationships. Employees appear to copy the leader's integrity standards in their daily interaction with one another. Strictness is important as well, but appears to be particularly effective in controlling fraud, corruption and the misuse of resources. The impact of openness is less evident. Research limitations/implications - The study in this paper has taken the field of leadership and ethics a step forward by relating different aspects of leadership with different types of violations. The results are significant for further development of theories on ethics and leadership. Future research should combine different sources and methods in order to further test the findings. Practical implications - The results in this paper have implications for integrity policies and leadership training. A multifaceted leadership strategy will be most effective in safeguarding and improving the integrity of (police) organizations.rnOriginality/value - The paper shows that leadership is the most frequently cited organizational factor in discussions about the safeguarding of ethics and integrity. However, empirical data are lacking regarding the extent to which different aspects of leadership individually contribute to different kinds of integrity violations.
机译：目的-本文的目的是探索领导力的三个方面之间的联系-角色塑造，严格性和开放性-与荷兰警察内部的9种违反诚信的类型.rn设计/方法/方法-本文收集了数据通过来自荷兰五个地区警察组织的问卷调查表（向常规警官问卷调查表有2130份，答复率为51％）。要求受访者描述其直接主管的领导素质和单位中违反诚信行为的频率。多变量分析技术被用来测试三种领导风格与九种诚信违规类型之间的关系。结论-本文发现领导者的角色塑造，严格性和开放性会影响警务人员的行为，但变量对不同类型的廉正侵犯的影响却有所不同。角色建模对于限制人际关系中的不道德行为尤其重要。员工似乎在彼此之间的日常交互中复制领导者的诚信标准。严格性也很重要，但在控制欺诈，腐败和滥用资源方面似乎特别有效。开放的影响不太明显。研究的局限性/含意-本文的研究通过将领导的不同方面与不同类型的违法行为联系起来，将领导和道德领域向前迈进了一步。这一结果对于进一步发展道德和领导力理论具有重要意义。未来的研究应结合不同的来源和方法，以便进一步检验发现。实际意义-本文的结果对诚信政策和领导力培训有影响。多方面的领导战略将最有效地维护和改善（警察）组织的廉正性。原创性/价值-本文表明，领导力是在讨论道德与廉正性讨论中最常被提及的组织因素。但是，缺乏有关领导的不同方面分别导致不同种类的诚信受到侵犯的程度的经验数据。

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