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Turning failure into success: what does the case of Western Australia tell us about Canadian cannabis policy-making?

机译：将失败变成成功：西澳大利亚州的案例告诉我们有关加拿大大麻政策制定的什么信息？

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摘要

Cannabis policy in Canada is a puzzling affair. Since the 1960s and as recently as 2006, several policy windows have opened promising evidence-based cannabis law reform only to be slammed shut before achieving meaningful change. This 'saga of promise, hesitation, and retreat' has motivated Canadian cannabis researchers to investigate the reasons behind this policy inertia. These single-jurisdiction analyses have resulted in interesting yet necessarily tenuous findings. Fischer's (1999) Policy Studies article suggests the need for an analysis of Canadian cannabis policy in comparative context and offers Australia as a point of departure. This article addresses this analytic task by examining two recent case studies in cannabis policy. Specifically, borrowing Kingdon's (1995) concept of a policy window, it contrasts Canada's failure to decriminalise minor cannabis offences between 2001 and 2006 with Western Australia's successful decriminalisation of cannabis possession and production for personal use between 2001 and 2004. In particular, it appears that a lack of support from law enforcement and cannabis users, conflicting evidence and risk associated with a lack of an evaluation plan all combined with a weakened electoral mandate for the government to contribute to a perception that cannabis decriminalisation was not politically feasible. Additional variables worthy of further inquiry are also discussed.
机译：加拿大的大麻政策令人费解。从1960年代到最近的2006年，几个政策窗口打开了有希望的基于证据的大麻法改革，但只有在实现有意义的变化之前就将其关闭。这种“希望，犹豫和退缩的传奇”促使加拿大大麻研究人员研究这种政策惯性背后的原因。这些单一辖区分析得出了有趣但必定微不足道的发现。 Fischer（1999）的《政策研究》文章建议有必要在比较背景下分析加拿大的大麻政策，并将澳大利亚作为出发点。本文通过研究大麻政策中的两个最新案例研究来解决这一分析任务。具体而言，借用金登（Kingdon，1995）的政策窗口概念，它与加拿大在2001年至2006年间未将未成年人大麻犯罪非刑事化与西澳大利亚州在2001年至2004年间将个人拥有的大麻拥有和生产成功地非刑事化形成鲜明对比。特别是，似乎执法人员和大麻使用者缺乏支持，证据缺乏和评估计划缺乏所带来的风险，再加上选举权的削弱，政府对政府的不信任感加剧，使人们认为大麻合法化在政治上是不可行的。还讨论了值得进一步探讨的其他变量。

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