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A tale of two cities: auto plant closures and policy responses in Birminghan and Adelaide

机译：关于两个城市的故事：关闭汽车工厂以及伯明翰和阿德莱德的政策对策

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Economic restructuring has been a notable feature of so-called mature industrial economies such as the UK and Australia in the last two decades, with deregulation, privatisation, technological change and globalisation combining to reshape such economies. Some industries have grown, while others have declined. Moreover, while overall employment in the UK and Australia has grown, many newly-created positions require skills not found in the industries shedding labour, or are in casualised and low-paid occupations. Many lesser-skilled workers leaving declining industries are therefore at risk of long-term unemployment or leaving the workforce entirely. The research of our colleagues at Flinders University shows that the mental health of displaced workers plummets relative to their peers in the first 12 to 18 months of redundancy, followed by a recovery to population norms. Physical health, however, is high at the time of retrenchment but declines over time, which suggests that such events have both short-term and long-term impacts on affected individuals. It is therefore crucial that the measures put in place in many domains of social policy (such as formal health policy, employment assistance, community development, housing assistance and so on) adequately address the difficulties confronting this group. This special issue of Policy Studies takes a closer look at the impact of manufacturing - notably automotive - plant closures in the UK (Birmingham) and Australia (Adelaide) in recent years and policy responses to those closures. It attempts to tease out differences in policy response and effectiveness, and attempts to identify areas where policy could be made to work better in terms of adjusting to large-scale manufacturing change and resulting job losses. In so doing, it begins, for the first time we believe, to take a comparative approach to understanding the impact of plant closures and policy responses.
机译：在过去的二十年中，经济重组一直是英国和澳大利亚等所谓成熟工业经济体的显着特征，放宽管制，私有化，技术变革和全球化相结合，可以重塑这些经济体。一些行业增长，而另一些行业则下降。此外，尽管英国和澳大利亚的总体就业有所增长，但许多新设立的职位要求的技能不属于裁员的行业，或者属于临时工和低薪职业。因此，许多技能水平较低的工人离开下降的行业有长期失业或完全离开劳动力的风险。弗林德斯大学（Flinders University）同事的研究表明，在裁员的前12到18个月中，流离失所工人的心理健康相对于同龄人下降了，随后恢复了人口规范。但是，在裁员时身体健康状况很高，但随着时间的流逝会下降，这表明此类事件对受影响的人有短期和长期的影响。因此，至关重要的是，在社会政策的许多领域中采取的措施（例如正式卫生政策，就业援助，社区发展，住房援助等）应充分解决该群体面临的困难。本期《政策研究》专刊详细探讨了近年来英国（伯明翰）和澳大利亚（阿德莱德）关闭制造业（尤其是汽车）的影响，以及对关闭工厂的政策回应。它试图找出政策反应和有效性方面的差异，并试图确定在制定政策以更好地适应大规模制造业变革和由此带来的工作损失方面可以做的更好的领域。这样做，我们相信，这是我们第一次开始采用比较方法来了解关闭工厂和政策对策的影响。

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