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首页> 外文期刊>Polish Journal of Environmental Studies >Evaluating Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) Indices on the Background of Mineral Status of the Seed Crop at Maturity: a Case Study of Maize
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Evaluating Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) Indices on the Background of Mineral Status of the Seed Crop at Maturity: a Case Study of Maize

机译：以成熟期种子作物矿质状况为背景的氮素利用效率评价指标：以玉米为例

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The first step in assessing nitrogen fertilizer's impact on the environment relies on its productivity. Several series of indices have been developed to describe nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Their usability as potential agro-environmental tools depends, among other things, on the degree of responsiveness to crop nutritional status at its maturity. Selected NUE indices were evaluated based on grain yield, the number of kernels per con (NKC), and general crop indicators such as i) total nutrient uptake (TNU), ii) nutrient harvest index (NH), and iii) unit nutrient uptake (UNU). This concept was validated using original experimental data on maize response to increasing nitrogen rates (0, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha(-1)) on the background of long-term potassium fertilizing systems, differing in soil K fertility level (medium, high) and K fertilizer application (KO, K+). The most promising indices of diagnostic values to describe both agronomic and environmental impacts of nitrogen fertilizer were the partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer (PFPFN) and apparent nitrogen recovery (NR). The first one, directly describing productivity of the unit of applied nitrogen fertilizer, showed high sensitivity to those nutrients, which significantly defined maize yield. In the studied case it refers to potassium, whose low supply during the critical window resulted in a significant decrease in the number of kernels per cob. Consequently, the reduced capacity of the maize physiological sink during the grain-filling period resulted in the apparent excess of phosphorus and magnesium. This conclusion is corroborated by an N/P ratio of 7.4-10.8:1 and an N/K ratio of 7.4-10.8:1. This was the key reason for limiting productivity of nitrogen fertilizer. The NR index was the slightly poorer indicator of nitrogen fertilizer management, but also responded significantly both to natural and experimentally induced factors that are decisive for production variability. Other frequently used NUE indices did not allow for making both a simple and reliable evaluation of the nitrogen fertilizer productivity under different management systems.
机译：评估氮肥对环境的影响的第一步取决于其生产力。已经开发出了一系列的指数来描述氮的利用效率（NUE）。它们作为潜在的农业环境工具的可用性，除其他外，取决于成熟时对作物营养状况的反应程度。根据谷物产量，每粒玉米粒数（NKC）和一般作物指标（例如i）总养分吸收（TNU），ii）养分收获指数（NH）和iii）单位养分吸收来评估选定的NUE指数（联合国大学）。在玉米长期施肥的背景下，不同土壤钾肥水平（中等）对玉米对氮素增加（0、100、150和200 kg ha（-1）的反应）的原始实验数据验证了这一概念。 ，高）和施钾肥（KO，K +）。描述氮肥的农学和环境影响的最有价值的诊断价值指标是氮肥的分要素生产率（PFPFN）和表观氮回收率（NR）。第一个直接描述了施用氮肥单位的生产力，显示出对那些养分的高度敏感性，从而显着定义了玉米的产量。在所研究的案例中，它指的是钾，钾在关键窗口期间的低供给导致每粒玉米粒的数量显着减少。因此，在灌浆期玉米生理库的能力下降导致磷和镁明显过量。 N / P比为7.4-10.8：1和N / K比为7.4-10.8：1证实了这一结论。这是限制氮肥生产率的关键原因。 NR指数是氮肥管理的较差指标，但对自然和实验诱发因素均具有显着响应，这些因素对生产的可变性具有决定性作用。其他经常使用的NUE指数不允许对不同管理系统下的氮肥生产率进行简单而可靠的评估。

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