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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers >The historical background of the canal system in Calcutta, India, and its contribution to development
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The historical background of the canal system in Calcutta, India, and its contribution to development

机译：Calcutta，印度运河系统的历史背景及其对发展的贡献

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摘要

Due to Calcutta's proximity to the sea and location on the east bank of the River Hooghly in India, it used to experience tidal influence through its canals. This prompted commerce and trading, and Calcutta became an important trading port. The city was also influenced by the River Bidyadhari, which runs parallel to Hooghly. These two rivers and their tributaries and distributaries provided unique opportunities for commerce to British colonisers. Tolly's Nullah was excavated in 1778 to connect these two rivers. Interestingly, for even a decade after the introduction of the Eastern Bengal State Railway in the nineteenth century, water trafficking was the predominant mode of transport. The canal system also provided irrigation water during the tidal period by controlling lock gates at strategic locations. Drainage of Calcutta mostly gravitated eastwards to Kultigong of the Matla estuary system, which ultimately led to the River Bidyadhari. Since 1856, it had served as an outlet for the city drainage, which was supplemented by excavating new channels in 1928. This created a network of an organised 'canal system', which had sustained the city for centuries. The history of the development of this canal system, its lingering influence on the growth of Calcutta and its present status are summarised in this paper.
机译：由于Calcutta在印度舟河东岸的海上和地点的邻近，它用于通过运河对潮汐影响进行潮汐影响。这个促使的商业和交易，加利福塔成为一个重要的贸易港。这座城市也受到Bidyadhari河的影响，该河流河流平行于荒原。这两条河流和他们的支流和分布为英国殖民者提供了独特的商业机会。 Tolly的Nullah于1778年被挖掘到连接这两个河流。有趣的是，在十九世纪在东孟加拉邦铁路引进后，甚至十年来，水费是主要的运输方式。运河系统还通过在战略地点控制锁定闸门期间提供灌溉水。 Calcuta的排水大多是以东倾向于Matla河口系统的Kuligong，最终导致了滨海河。自1856年以来，它曾担任城市排水的出口，该城市排水源于1928年挖掘新渠道。这创建了一个组织的“运河系统”网络，该网络已成为几个世纪的城市。本文总结了该运河系统发展的历史，对加工菌的生长及其现状的影响。

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