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Conceptual design of a habitation modulefor a deep space exploration mission

机译：用于深空探测任务的居住模块的概念设计

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The article deals with the conceptual design of a habitable module conceived for long-duration space exploration missions. The pressurized habitation module was specifically sized for a near-Earth asteroid mission, named 'humAn Exploration mission to a Near Earth Asteroid'. This mission is conceived as an intermediate step before going to further destinations and aims at testing technologies necessary for reaching more challenging targets. In accordance to the mission objectives, the habitation module was devised as a reusable space infrastructure, suitable for different exploration scenarios with only minor changes in the architecture/design. This article describes the design process that, starting from the mission statement, was followed to define the objectives, the requirements and the architecture of the module in terms of system and subsystem configuration. In particular, the habitation module was designed to safely sustain the life of four astronauts, for a mission to a near-Earth asteroid lasting about 6 months. The main subsystems of the habitation module were sized in order to provide the astronauts with the needed resources, support the activities during all operational phases, including the extra-vehicular activities on the asteroid's surface and protect them against the external environment, with particular attention to space radiation, one of the most critical aspects of this kind of mission. In this regard, appropriate analyses were carried out for selecting the best shielding strategy. For the execution of the extravehicular activities on the asteroid surface, a dedicated airlock and specific extra-vehicular activity support tools were included. This article reports a detailed description of the subsystems and their innovative aspects. Starting from the mission phases and the related scenarios, different modes of operations were identified. System budgets were evaluated for the envisaged operational modes. This article illustrates both the applied methodologies and the results, highlighting the major criticalities to be faced (long exposure to space radiations, extra-vehicular activity operations on the asteroid surface) and the key technologies (radiation shielding, inflatable technology, extra-vehicular activity support tools).
机译：本文讨论了为长期太空探索任务设想的可居住模块的概念设计。加压居住模块的大小专门用于近地小行星任务，即“对近地小行星的humAn探索任务”。该任务被认为是前往更多目的地之前的中间步骤，旨在测试达到更具挑战性目标所需的技术。根据任务目标，将居住模块设计为可重复使用的空间基础设施，仅需对架构/设计进行少量更改即可适用于不同的探索场景。本文介绍了从任务说明开始遵循的设计过程，以根据系统和子系统配置来定义模块的目标，要求和体系结构。特别是，该居住舱的设计旨在安全地维持四名宇航员的生命，以便执行一次持续约6个月的近地小行星飞行任务。确定居住模块的主要子系统的尺寸，以便为宇航员提供所需的资源，支持所有操作阶段的活动，包括小行星表面的车外活动并保护他们免受外部环境的影响，尤其要注意空间辐射是这种任务最关键的方面之一。在这方面，进行了适当的分析以选择最佳的屏蔽策略。为了在小行星表面上执行舱外活动，包括了专用的气闸和特定的舱外活动支持工具。本文报告了子系统及其创新方面的详细说明。从任务阶段和相关方案开始，确定了不同的操作模式。对系统预算进行了设想的运行模式评估。本文说明了应用的方法和结果，重点介绍了将要面临的主要关键（长时间暴露于空间辐射，在小行星表面进行车外活动）和关键技术（辐射屏蔽，充气技术，车外活动）支持工具）。

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