首页> 外文期刊>日本建築学会環境系論文集 >準定常的な計算法を用いた都市火災延焼性状の簡易予測モデルの開発: 地震火災時の都市住民避難性状の推定に関する研究
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準定常的な計算法を用いた都市火災延焼性状の簡易予測モデルの開発: 地震火災時の都市住民避難性状の推定に関する研究

机译:基于准平稳计算方法的城市火灾蔓延特性简单预测模型的开发:地震火灾期间城市居民疏散性能的估算研究

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Evacuation of a large number of residents is conceivable in case of urban fires following a large earthquake. It is essential to implement an effective evacuation plan for ensuring residents' safety. We have been developing a simulation model based on the potential theory for the evacuation behaviors of city residents, which has been validated by comparing the predicted and the recorded evacuation behaviors of residents in the Great Kanto Earthquake Fire. In this model, fire spread was estimated based on after event field survey of the fire. However, in case of an evacuation simulation in a post-earthquake fire which may take place in future, it is essential to predict the fire spread itself. In this study, a computationally efficient model for post-earthquake fire spread in a large-scale urban area was developed based on several findings established in the field of fire safety engineering. In the proposed model, fire behaviors inside a building were formulated into quasi-steady state equations in order to reduce computational load, and the data quantity in calculation was minimized for applying to fire spread in a large-scale urban area. In this paper, the fire spread in the Sakata City Fire in 1976 was simulated for the model validation and the results were discussed in terms of fire spread behavior, computational speed and data quantity in calculation. The obtained results showed that the proposed model could simulate the fire spread with reasonable accuracy and with much less computation time and data quantity.%将来起こり得る地震火災を想定して都市住民の避難性状の全体rn像を把握するには,大規模な市街地における同時多発火災の延焼性rn状を高速に予測可能なサブモデルを新たに組み込むことで,既往のrn住民避難性状予測モデルを改良する必要がある.本稿では,このよrnうなサブモデル開発の第1段階として,計算速度の速さや計算に必rn要な情報量の節約を重視しつつ,現象の物理的な知見に基づいた準rn定常的な計算によって,都市火災の延焼性状を簡易に予測可能なシrnミュレーションモデルを開発した.
机译:在大地震后发生城市火灾时,可以疏散大量居民。实施有效的疏散计划对于确保居民的安全至关重要。我们已经基于潜在理论对城市居民的疏散行为开发了一个仿真模型,该模型已通过比较关东大地震中居民的预计疏散行为和记录的疏散行为得到了验证。在此模型中,根据事后对火势的现场调查来估算火势蔓延。但是,如果在将来可能发生的地震后火灾中进行疏散模拟,则必须预测火灾本身的蔓延。在这项研究中,基于在消防安全工程领域中建立的一些发现,开发了一种在大型城市地区发生地震后火灾蔓延的计算有效模型。在该模型中,将建筑物内部的火灾行为公式化为准稳态方程,以减少计算量,并且将计算中的数据量最小化,以应用于大规模城市地区的火灾蔓延。本文以1976年坂田市大火中的火灾蔓延为模型验证模型,并从火灾蔓延行为,计算速度和计算中的数据量等方面讨论了结果。所得结果表明,所提出的模型能够以合理的精度模拟火灾的蔓延,并且计算时间和数据量更少。本稿な,このよrn,第モデル开発の第1段阶として,计算速度の速さや计算に必rn要な情报量の节约を识别を,现象の物理的な知见に基づいた准rn定常的な计算によって,都市火灾の延焼性状を简易に予测可能なシrnミュレーションモデルを开発した。

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