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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Ion channels gated by heat
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Ion channels gated by heat

机译：受热控制的离子通道

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All animals need to sense temperature to avoid hostile environments and to regulate their internal homeostasis. A particularly obvious example is that animals need to avoid damagingly hot stimuli. The mechanisms by which temperature is sensed have until recently been mysterious, but in the last couple of years we have begun to understand how noxious thermal stimuli are detected by sensory neurons. Heat has been found to open a nonselective cation channel in primary sensory neurons, probably by a direct action. In a separate study, an ion channel gated by capsaicin , the active ingredient of chili peppers, was cloned from sensory neurons. This channel(vanilloid receptor sub-type 1,VRI) is gated by heat in a manner similar to the native heat-activated channel, and our current best guess is that this channel is the molecular substrate for the detection of painful heat. Both the heat channel and VRI are modulated in interesting ways. The response of the heat channel is potentiated by phosphorylation by protein kinase C, whereas VRI is potentiated by externally applied protons. Protein kinase C is known to be activated by a variety of inflammatory mediators, including bradyminin, whereas extracellular acidification is characteristically produced by anoxia and inflammation. Both modulatory pathways are likely, therefore, to have important physiological correlates in terms of the enhanced pain (hyperalgesia) produced by tissue damage and inflammation. Future work should focus on establishing, in molecular terms, how a single ion channel can detect heat and how the detection thres
机译：所有动物都需要感测温度，以避免不利的环境并调节其内部稳态。一个特别明显的例子是动物需要避免有害的热刺激。直到最近，感知温度的机制一直是个谜，但是在最近几年中，我们开始了解感觉神经元是如何检测到有害的热刺激的。发现热量可能通过直接作用打开了初级感觉神经元的非选择性阳离子通道。在另一项研究中，从感觉神经元克隆了辣椒素有效成分辣椒素门控的离子通道。该通道（类香草体受体亚型1，VRI）通过加热以类似于天然热激活通道的方式进行门控，我们目前的最佳猜测是该通道是用于检测痛热的分子底物。热通道和VRI均以有趣的方式进行调制。热通道的响应通过蛋白激酶C的磷酸化增强，而VRI通过外部施加的质子增强。已知蛋白激酶C被多种炎症介质（包括缓激肽）激活，而细胞外酸化通常是由缺氧和炎症引起的。因此，就组织损伤和炎症引起的疼痛增强（痛觉过敏）而言，两种调节途径都可能具有重要的生理相关性。未来的工作应侧重于从分子角度确定单个离子通道如何检测热量以及如何检测热量。

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