Interleukin 4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine. Of the cell types responsive to IL-4, T cells express one IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) type, IL-4Rα/IL-2Rγ (class I IL-4R), whereas endothelial cells express another type, IL-4Rα/IL- 13Rα (class II IL-4R). It was hypothesized that IL-4 variants could be generated that would be selective for cell types expressing the different IL-4Rs. A series of IL-4 muteins were generated that were substituted in the region of IL-4 impli- cated in interactions with IL-2Rγ. These muteins were eval- uated in T cell and endothelial cell assays.
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