Two regioisomers with C_3 or D_3 symmetry of water-soluble carboxylic acid C_60 derivatives, containing three malonic acid groups per molecule, were synthesized and found to be equipotent free radical scavengers in solution as assessed by EPR analysis. Both compounds also inhibited the excitotoxic death of cultured cortical neurons induced by exposure to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), or oxygen-glucose deprivation, but the C_3 regioisomer was more effective than the D_3 regioiso- mer, possibly reflecting its polar nature and attendant greater ability to enter lipid membranes.
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