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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Distinct phytochrome actions in nonvascular plants revealed by targeted inactivation of phytobilin biosynthesis
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Distinct phytochrome actions in nonvascular plants revealed by targeted inactivation of phytobilin biosynthesis

机译：通过定向灭活植物胆素生物合成揭示非血管植物中不同的植物色素作用

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摘要

The red/far-red light photoreceptor phytochrome mediates photo-morphological responses in plants. For light sensing and signaling, phytochromes need to associate with open-chain tetrapyrrole molecules as the chromophore. Biosynthesis of tetrapyrrole chromo-phores requires members of ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductases (FDBRs). It was shown that LONG HYPOCOTYL 2 (HY2) is the only FDBR in flowering plants producing the phytochromobilin (P<1>B) for phytochromes. However, in the moss Physcomitrella patens, we found a second FDBR that catalyzes the formation of phycourobilin (PUB), a tetrapyrrole pigment usually found as the protein-bound form in cyanobacteria and red algae. Thus, we named the enzyme PUB synthase (PUBS). Severe photomorphogenic phenotypes, including the defect of phytochrome-mediated phototropism, were observed in Physcomitrella patens when both HY2 and PUBS were disrupted by gene targeting. This indicates HY2 and PUBS function redundantly in phytochrome-mediated responses of nonvascular plants. Our studies also show that functional PUBS orthologs are found in selected lycopod and chlorophyte genomes. Using mRNA sequencing for transcriptome profiling, we demonstrate that expression of the majority of red-light-responsive genes are misregu-lated in the pubs hy2 double mutant. These studies showed that moss phytochromes rapidly repress expression of genes involved in cell wall organization, transcription, hormone responses, and protein phosphorylation but activate genes involved in photosynthesis and stress signaling during deetiolation. We propose that, in nonvascular plants, HY2 and PUBS produce structurally different but functionally similar chromophore precursors for phytochromes. Hol-ophytochromes regulate biological processes through light signaling to efficiently reprogram gene expression for vegetative growth in the light.
机译：红/远红光感受器植物色素介导植物中的光形态响应。对于光感测和信号传导，植物色素需要与开链四吡咯分子作为生色团缔合。四吡咯染色体的生物合成需要铁氧还蛋白依赖性胆碱还原酶（FDBR）的成员。结果表明，长的Hypocotyyl 2（HY2）是在开花植物中产生植物色素的植物叶绿素（P 1B）的唯一FDBR。然而，我们在苔藓小孢子藓（Physcomitrella patens）中发现了第二种FDBR，它催化藻蓝素（PUB）的形成，藻红素是一种通常在蓝细菌和红藻中以蛋白结合形式存在的四吡咯颜料。因此，我们将酶命名为PUB合酶（PUBS）。当HY2和PUBS均被基因靶向破坏时，在Physcomitrella patens中观察到了严重的光形态发生表型，包括植物色素介导的向光性缺陷。这表明HY2和PUBS在植物色素介导的非维管植物应答中冗余发挥作用。我们的研究还表明，在选定的番茄足纲和绿藻类基因组中发现了功能性PUBS直系同源物。使用转录组分析的mRNA测序，我们证明了大多数红光响应基因的表达在pubs hy2 double突变体中被错误调节。这些研究表明，苔藓植物色素能快速抑制参与细胞壁组织，转录，激素反应和蛋白质磷酸化的基因的表达，但会激活去化过程中参与光合作用和胁迫信号传导的基因。我们建议，在非维管植物中，HY2和PUBS产生结构不同但功能相似的植物色素生色团前体。全息植物色素通过光信号传导调节生物过程，以有效地重编程基因表达以促进光中的营养生长。

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    Yu-Rong Chen; Yi-shin Su; Shih-Long Tu;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;

    Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;

    Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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