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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Redox alters yellow dragonflies into red
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Redox alters yellow dragonflies into red

机译：氧化还原将黄色蜻蜓变成红色

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摘要

Body color change associated with sexual maturation-so-called nuptial coloration-is commonly found in diverse vertebrates and invertebrates, and plays important roles for their reproductive success. In some dragonflies, whereas females and young males are yellowish in color, aged males turn vivid red upon sexual maturation. The male-specific coloration plays pivotal roles in, for example, mating and territoriality, but molecular basis of the sex-related transition in body coloration of the dragonflies has been poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that yellow/red color changes in the dragonflies are regulated by redox states of epidermal ommochrome pigments. Ratios of reduced-form pigments to oxidized-form pigments were significantly higher in red mature males than yellow females and immature males. The ommochrome pigments extracted from the dragonflies changed color according to redox conditions in vitro: from red to yellow in the presence of oxidant and from yellow to red in the presence of reductant. By injecting the reductant solution into live insects, the yellow-to-red color change was experimentally reproduced in vivo in immature males and mature females. Discontinuous yellow/red mosaicism was observed in body coloration of gynandromorphic dragonflies, suggesting a cell-autonomous regulation over the redox states of the ommochrome pigments. Our finding extends the mechanical repertoire of pigment-based body color change in animals, and highlights an impressively simple molecular mechanism that regulates an ecologically important color trait.
机译：与性成熟有关的体色变化，即所谓的婚姻着色，通常出现在各种脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中，并且对它们的生殖成功具有重要作用。在某些蜻蜓中，雌性和年轻的雄性为淡黄色，而成年雄性在性成熟时变成鲜红色。雄性特定的颜色在例如交配和属地性方面起着关键作用，但是人们对蜻蜓的体色中与性别有关的过渡的分子基础知之甚少。在这里，我们证明蜻蜓中的黄色/红色颜色变化受表皮全色色素的氧化还原状态调节。红色成熟雄性中还原型色素与氧化型色素的比例显着高于黄色雌性和未成熟雄性。从蜻蜓中提取的全色素会根据体外的氧化还原条件而改变颜色：在存在氧化剂的情况下从红色变为黄色，在存在还原剂的情况下从黄色变为红色。通过将还原剂溶液注入活昆虫中，在未成熟的雄性和成年雌性体内通过实验再现了黄色到红色的颜色变化。在妇产科蜻蜓的体色中观察到不连续的黄色/红色镶嵌，这表明对全色素色素的氧化还原状态具有细胞自主调节作用。我们的发现扩展了动物体内基于色素的体色变化的机械范围，并突出了令人印象深刻的简单分子机制，该机制调节着生态学上重要的颜色特征。

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