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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >To flock or fight: Neurochemical signatures of divergent life histories in sparrows
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To flock or fight: Neurochemical signatures of divergent life histories in sparrows

机译：聚集或战斗：麻雀不同生活史的神经化学特征

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摘要

Many bird species exhibit dramatic seasonal switches between territoriality and flocking, but whereas neuroendocrine mechanisms of territorial aggression have been extensively studied, those of seasonal flocking are unknown. We collected brains in spring and winter from male field sparrows (Spizella pusilla), which seasonally flock, and male song sparrows (Melospiza melodia), which are territorial year-round in much of their range. Spring collections were preceded by field-based assessments of aggression. Tissue series were immunofluorescently multilabeled for vasotocin, mesotocin (MT), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, tyrosine hydroxylase, and aromatase, and labeling densities were measured in many socially relevant brain areas. Extensive seasonal differences are shared by both species. Many measures correlate significantly with both individual and species differences in aggression, likely reflecting evolved mechanisms that differentiate the less aggressive field sparrow from the more aggressive song sparrow. Winter-specific species differences include a substantial increase of MT and CRH immunoreactivity in the dorsal lateral septum (LS) and medial amygdala of field sparrows but not song sparrows. These species differences likely relate to flocking rather than the suppression of winter aggression in field sparrows, because similar winter differences were found for two other emberizids that are not territorial in winter-dark-eyed juncos (Junco hyemalis), which seasonally flock, and eastern towhees [Pipilo erythropthalmus), which do not flock. MT signaling in the dorsal LS is also associated with year-round species differences in grouping in estrildid finches, suggesting that common mechanisms are targeted during the evolution of different life histories.
机译：许多鸟类在领土和植绒之间表现出明显的季节性变化，但是尽管对领土侵略的神经内分泌机制进行了广泛的研究，但季节性植绒的神经内分泌机制尚不清楚。在春季和冬季，我们从季节性聚集的雄性野麻雀（Spizella pusilla）和雄性的麻雀（Melospiza melodia）收集了大脑，它们在整个范围内都是常年分布的。在春季收集之前，先进行基于野外的侵略评估。对组织系列进行了免疫荧光多标记，分别标记了血管生成素，中代代谢素（MT），促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH），血管活性肠多肽，酪氨酸羟化酶和芳香化酶，并在许多与社会相关的大脑区域测量了标记密度。两种物种都有广泛的季节性差异。许多措施与侵略性的个体差异和物种差异显着相关，这很可能反映了进化的机制，这些机制将攻击性较弱的野麻雀与攻击性较强的麻雀区分开。冬季特定的物种差异包括田野麻雀（而不是松雀麻雀）的背外侧隔（LS）和内侧杏仁核的MT和CRH免疫反应性显着增加。这些物种差异可能与成群的麻雀有关，而不是抑制冬季麻雀的侵略性，因为在其他季节性季节成群的东部黑眼jun（Junco hyemalis）中发现了另外两个非地域的栓塞，它们的冬季差异相似。丝束[Pipilo erythropthalmus），不成群。背侧LS中的MT信号也与雌雄性雀科动物的全年物种差异有关，这表明在不同生活史的进化过程中，共同的机制是针对性的。

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