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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >From chemotaxis to the cognitive map: The function of olfaction
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From chemotaxis to the cognitive map: The function of olfaction

机译：从趋化性到认知图：嗅觉的功能

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摘要

A paradox of vertebrate brain evolution is the unexplained variability in the size of the olfactory bulb (OB), in contrast to other brain regions, which scale predictably with brain size. Such variability appears to be the result of selection for olfactory function, yet there is no obvious concordance that would predict the causal relationship between OB size and behavior. This discordance may derive from assuming the primary function of olfaction is odorant discrimination and acuity. If instead the primary function of olfaction is navigation, i.e., predicting odorant distributions in time and space, variability in absolute OB size could be ascribed and explained by variability in navigational demand. This olfactory spatial hypothesis offers a single functional explanation to account for patterns of olfactory system scaling in vertebrates, the primacy of olfaction in spatial navigation, even in visual specialists, and proposes an evolutionary scenario to account for the convergence in olfactory structure and function across protostomes and deuterostomes. In addition, the unique percepts of olfaction may organize odorant information in a parallel map structure. This could have served as a scaffold for the evolution of the parallel map structure of the mammalian hippocampus, and possibly the arthropod mushroom body, and offers an explanation for similar flexible spatial navigation strategies in arthropods and vertebrates.
机译：与其他大脑区域相反，脊椎动物大脑进化的悖论是无法解释的嗅球（OB）大小可变性，而其他大脑区域则随大脑大小而变化。这种可变性似乎是嗅觉功能选择的结果，但尚无明显的一致性可以预测OB大小与行为之间的因果关系。这种不一致可能源于嗅觉的主要功能是辨别气味和敏锐度。如果相反，嗅觉的主要功能是导航，即预测时间和空间中的气味分布，则可以将绝对OB大小的变化归因于导航需求的变化。这种嗅觉空间假设提供了一个功能上的解释，以解释脊椎动物的嗅觉系统缩放模式，空间导航中的嗅​​觉优势，甚至在视觉专家中，并提出了一种演化场景来说明整个原型的嗅觉结构和功能的融合。和氘骨口。另外，嗅觉的独特感觉可以在平行的地图结构中组织气味信息。这本可以作为哺乳动物海马以及节肢动物蘑菇体的平行图结构进化的支架，并为节肢动物和脊椎动物中类似的灵活空间导航策略提供了解释。

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