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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Disruption of circadian clocks has ramifications for metabolism, brain, and behavior
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Disruption of circadian clocks has ramifications for metabolism, brain, and behavior

机译：昼夜节律紊乱会对新陈代谢，大脑和行为产生影响

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摘要

Circadian (daily) rhythms are present in almost all plants and animals. In mammals, a brain clock located in the hypothalamic suprachias-matic nucleus maintains synchrony between environmental light/ dark cycles and physiology and behavior. Over the past 100 y, especially with the advent of electric lighting, modern society has resulted in a round-the-clock lifestyle, in which natural connections between rest/activity cycles and environmental light/dark cycles have been degraded or even broken. Instances in which rapid changes to sleep patterns are necessary, such as transmeridian air travel, demonstrate negative effects of acute circadian disruption on physiology and behavior. However, the ramifications of chronic disruption of the circadian clock for mental and physical health are not yet fully understood. By housing mice in 20-h light/dark cycles, incongruous with their endogenous ～24-h circadian period, we were able to model the effects of chronic circadian disruption noninvasively. Housing in these conditions results in accelerated weight gain and obesity, as well as changes in metabolic hormones. In the brain, circadian-disrupted mice exhibit a loss of dendritic length and decreased complexity of neurons in the prelimbic prefrontal cortex, a brain region important in executive function and emotional control. Disrupted animals show decreases in cognitive flexibility and changes in emotionality consistent with the changes seen in neural architecture. How our findings translate to humans living and working in chronic circadian disruption is unknown, but we believe that this model can provide a foundation to understand how environmental disruption of circadian rhythms impacts the brain, behavior, and physiology.
机译：几乎所有动植物都存在昼夜节律。在哺乳动物中，位于丘脑下丘脑上运动核中的大脑钟在环境光/暗循环与生理和行为之间保持同步。在过去的100年中，尤其是随着电子照明的出现，现代社会已经形成了全天候的生活方式，其中休息/活动周期与环境光/暗周期之间的自然联系已经退化甚至中断。需要快速改变睡眠模式的情况（例如经络航空旅行）表明，急性昼夜节律紊乱会对生理和行为产生负面影响。然而，对于生理和心理健康的昼夜节律时钟的慢性破坏的后果尚不完全清楚。通过将小鼠置于20小时的明/暗循环中，与其内源性〜24小时的昼夜节律周期不一致，我们能够无创地模拟慢性昼夜节律破坏的影响。在这些条件下居住会加速体重增加和肥胖，以及代谢激素的变化。在大脑中，昼夜节律紊乱的小鼠在前肢前额叶皮层（执行功能和情绪控制重要的大脑区域）中，树突长度减少，神经元复杂性降低。受到干扰的动物显示出与神经结构变化相一致的认知灵活性下降和情绪变化。我们的发现如何转化为在慢性昼夜节律紊乱中生活和工作的人类是未知的，但我们相信该模型可以为了解环境昼夜节律的紊乱如何影响大脑，行为和生理提供基础。

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