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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Intracellular invasion of green algae in a salamander host
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Intracellular invasion of green algae in a salamander host

机译：sal宿主中绿藻的细胞内入侵

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摘要

The association between embryos of the spotted salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) and green algae ("Oophila amblystomatis" Lamber ex Printz) has been considered an ectosymbiotic mutualism. We show here, however, that this symbiosis is more intimate than previously reported. A combination of imaging and algal 18S rDNA amplification reveals algal invasion of embryonic salamander tissues and cells during development. Algal cells are detectable from embryonic and larval Stages 26-44 through chlorophyll auto-fluorescence and algal 18S rDNA amplification. Algal cell ultrastruc-ture indicates both degradation and putative encystment during the process of tissue and cellular invasion. Fewer algal cells were detected in later-stage larvae through FISH, suggesting that the decline in autofluorescent cells is primarily due to algal cell death within the host. However, early embryonic egg capsules also contained encysted algal cells on the inner capsule wall, and algal 18S rDNA was amplified from adult reproductive tracts, consistent with oviductal transmission of algae from one salamander generation to the next. The invasion of algae into salamander host tissues and cells represents a unique association between a vertebrate and a eukaryotic alga, with implications for research into cell-cell recognition, possible exchange of metabolites or DNA, and potential congruence between host and symbiont population structures.
机译：斑点sal（Ambystoma maculatum）和绿藻（“ Oophila amblystomatis” Lamber ex Printz）的胚胎之间的联系被认为是一种共生共生关系。但是，我们在这里表明，这种共生关系比以前报道的更为紧密。成像和藻类18S rDNA扩增的组合揭示了发育过程中藻类对胚胎sal组织和细胞的入侵。可通过叶绿素自发荧光和藻类18S rDNA扩增从胚胎阶段和幼虫阶段26-44检测到藻类细胞。藻类细胞超微结构表明在组织和细胞侵袭过程中降解和假定的包囊。通过FISH在后期幼虫中检测到的藻类细胞较少，这表明自发荧光细胞的减少主要是由于宿主内的藻类细胞死亡。但是，早期的胚卵胶囊在胶囊的内壁上也包含有包囊藻类细胞，藻类18S rDNA从成年生殖道中扩增出来，这与藻类从one繁殖到下一代的输卵管传播是一致的。藻类入侵sal宿主组织和细胞代表了脊椎动物和真核藻类之间的独特联系，这对研究细胞识别，代谢物或DNA的可能交换以及宿主和共生种群结构之间的潜在一致性具有重要意义。

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