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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Territorial behavior in Taiwanese kukrisnakes (Oligodon formosanus)
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Territorial behavior in Taiwanese kukrisnakes (Oligodon formosanus)

机译：台湾地雷（Oligodon formosanus）的领土行为

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摘要

The independent evolutionary origin of a complex trait, within a lineage otherwise lacking it, provides a powerful opportunity to test hypotheses on selective forces. Territorial defense of an area containing resources (such as food or shelter) is widespread in lizards but not snakes. Our studies on an insular population of Taiwanese kukrisnakes (Oligodon formosanus) show that females of this species actively defend sea turtle nests by repelling con-specifics for long periods (weeks) until the turtle eggs hatch or are consumed. A clutch of turtle eggs comprises a large, long-lasting food resource, unlike the prey types exploited by other types of snakes. Snakes of this species have formidable weaponry (massively enlarged teeth that are used for slitting eggshells), and when threatened, these snakes wave their tails toward the aggressor (an apparent case of head-tail mimicry). Bites to the tail during intraspecific combat bouts thus can have high fitness costs for males (because the hemipenes are housed in the tail). In combination, unusual features of the species (ability to inflict severe damage to male conspecifics) and the local environment (a persistent prey resource, large relative to the snakes consuming it) render resource defense both feasible and advantageous for female kukrisnakes. The (apparently unique) evolution of territorial behavior in this snake species thus provides strong support for the hypothesis that resource defensibility is critical to the evolution of territoriality.
机译：一个复杂性状的独立进化起源，在一个原本不存在的世系中，为检验关于选择性力量的假设提供了强大的机会。在包含蜥蜴的地方分布着对拥有资源（例如食物或庇护所）的区域的领土防御，但在蛇类中并不普遍。我们对台湾零陵（Oligodon formosanus）的孤立种群的研究表明，该物种的雌性通过长期（数周）排斥同种异型直到海龟卵孵化或被食用而积极防御海龟巢。与其他类型的蛇所利用的猎物类型不同，一堆乌龟卵包含大量的持久食物资源。该物种的蛇具有强大的武器装备（用于切开蛋壳的巨大牙齿），并且在受到威胁时，这些蛇的尾巴向侵略者挥舞（显然是头尾模仿的情况）。因此，在种内格斗比赛中咬住尾巴可能会给男性带来高昂的健身费用（因为半潜半影犬被安置在尾巴中）。结合起来，物种的异常特征（对雄性物种造成严重破坏的能力）和当地环境（持久的猎物资源，相对于消耗它的蛇来说很大）使得资源防御对于雌性ukukrisnakes既可行又有利。因此，这种蛇种的领土行为的演变（显然是唯一的）为资源防御性对于领土演变至关重要的假说提供了有力的支持。

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