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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Anuran radiations and the evolution of tadpole morphospace
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Anuran radiations and the evolution of tadpole morphospace

机译：无核辐射和of形态空间的演化

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摘要

Anurans (frogs and toads) are unique among land vertebrates in possessing a free-living larval stage that, parallel to adult frogs, diversified into an impressive range of ecomorphs. The tempo and mode at which tadpole morphology evolved through anuran history as well as its relationship to lineage diversification remain elusive. We used a molecular phylogenetic framework to examine patterns of morphological evolution in tadpoles in light of observed episodes of accelerated lineage diversification. Our reconstructions show that the expansion of tadpole morphospace during the basal anuran radiation in the Triassic/Early Jurassic was unparalleled by the basal neobatrachian radiation in the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous or any subsequent radiation in the Late Cretaceous/Early Tertiary. Comparative analyses of radiation episodes indicate that the slowdown of morphospace expansion was caused not only by a drop in evolutionary rate after the basal anuran radiation but also by an overall increase in homoplasy in the characters that did evolve during later radiations. The overlapping sets of evolving characters among more recent radiations may have enhanced tadpole diversity by creating unique combinations of homoplastic traits, but the lack of innovative character changes prevented the exploration of fundamental regions in morphospace. These complex patterns transcend the four traditionally recognized tadpole morphotypes and apply to most tissue types and body parts.
机译：无脊椎动物（青蛙和蟾蜍）在陆地脊椎动物中是独特的，具有自由生存的幼虫阶段，与成年青蛙平行，多样化成各种令人印象深刻的生态形态。 an形态通过无核史演变的速度和模式以及与谱系多样化的关系仍然难以捉摸。根据观察到的加速世系多样化事件，我们使用了分子系统发育框架来研究in的形态进化模式。我们的重建结果表明，在三叠纪/早侏罗世的基底无核辐射期间，pole形态空间的扩展是晚侏罗纪/早白垩世的基底新蝙蝠蛛属辐射或白垩纪/早第三纪的任何后续辐射所无法比拟的。辐射事件的比较分析表明，形态空间扩展的减缓不仅是由于基础无碱基辐射后进化速率的下降，而且还由于后来辐射过程中进化出的特征的同质异体的总体增加。通过创建同质性状的独特组合，较新的辐射中不断演变的字符重叠的集合可能增强了diversity的多样性，但是缺乏创新性的字符变化阻止了对形态空间基本区域的探索。这些复杂的模式超越了四种传统上公认的t形态，并适用于大多数组织类型和身体部位。

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    Kim Roelants; Alexander Haas; Franky Bossuyt;

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    Unit of Ecology and Systematics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;

    Biozentrum Grindel und Zoologisches Museum, Universitat Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;

    Unit of Ecology and Systematics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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