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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Community interactions govern host-switching with implications for host-parasite coevolutionary history
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Community interactions govern host-switching with implications for host-parasite coevolutionary history

机译：社区互动控制着宿主的切换，对宿主-寄生虫的共同进化史产生了影响

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Reciprocal selective effects between coevolving species are often influenced by interactions with the broader ecological community. Community-level interactions may also influence macroevolution-ary patterns of coevolution, such as cospeciation, but this hypothesis has received little attention. We studied two groups of ecologically similar feather lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) that differ in their patterns of association with a single group of hosts. The two groups, "body lice" and "wing lice," are both parasites of pigeons and doves (Columbiformes). Body lice are more host-specific and show greater population genetic structure than wing lice. The mac-roevolutionary history of body lice also parallels that of their colum-biform hosts more closely than does the evolutionary history of wing lice. The closer association of body lice with hosts, compared with wing lice, can be explained if body lice are less capable of switching hosts than wing lice. Wing lice sometimes disperse phor-etically on parasitic flies (Diptera: Hippoboscidae), but body lice seldom engage in this behavior. We tested the hypothesis that wing lice switch host species more often than body lice, and that the difference is governed by phoresis. Our results show that where flies are present wing lice switch to novel host species in sufficient numbers to establish viable populations on the new host. Body lice do not switch hosts, even where flies are present. Thus, differences in the coevolutionary history of wing and body lice can be explained by differences in host-switching, mediated by a member of the broader parasite community.
机译：共同进化物种之间的相互选择效应通常受到与更广泛的生态群落相互作用的影响。社区层面的相互作用也可能影响共同进化的宏观进化模式，例如共同规范，但是这种假设很少受到关注。我们研究了两组生态相似的羽毛虱子（Phthiraptera：Ischnocera），它们与单个寄主群体的交配方式不同。两组分别是“体虱”和“翅虱”，都是鸽子和鸽子的寄生虫​​。体虱比房虱更具宿主特异性，并显示出更大的种群遗传结构。体虱的进化史与翼虱的进化史比翼虱的进化史更接近。如果身体虱子比翅膀虱子更不具有转换宿主的能力，则可以解释与翅膀虱子相比，身体虱子与宿主之间的联系更加紧密。翼虱有时寄生于寄生蝇上（双翅目：河马科），但体虱很少参与这种行为。我们检验了以下假设：机翼虱子比宿主虱子更频繁地切换宿主物种，并且这种差异由电泳控制。我们的结果表明，在有蝇的地方，翅虱会以足够的数量切换到新的寄主物种，从而在新寄主上建立可行的种群。即使有蝇，体虱也不会切换宿主。因此，机翼和身体虱子共同进化史的差异可以通过宿主转换的差异来解释，该差异由更广泛的寄生虫群落的成员介导。

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