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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >The hummingbird tongue is a fluid trap not a capillary tube
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The hummingbird tongue is a fluid trap not a capillary tube

机译：蜂鸟的舌头是集液器，而不是毛细管

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摘要

Hummingbird tongues pick up a liquid, calorie-dense food that cannot be grasped, a physical challenge that has long inspired the study of nectar-transport mechanics. Existing biophysical models predict optimal hummingbird foraging on the basis of equations that assume that fluid rises through the tongue in the same way as through capillary tubes. We demonstrate that the hummingbird tongue does not function like a pair of tiny, static tubes drawing up floral nectar via capillary action. Instead, we show that the tongue tip is a dynamic liquid-trapping device that changes configuration and shape dramatically as it moves in and out of fluids. We also show that the tongue-fluid interactions are identical in both living and dead birds, demonstrating that this mechanism is a function of the tongue structure itself, and therefore highly efficient because no energy expenditure by the bird is required to drive the opening and closing of the trap. Our results rule out previous conclusions from capillarity-based models of nectar feeding and highlight the necessity of developing a new biophysical model for nectar intake in hummingbirds. Our findings have ramifications- for the study of feeding mechanics in other nectari-vorous birds, and for the understanding of the evolution of nectar-ivory in general. We propose a conceptual mechanical explanation for this unique fluid-trapping capacity, with far-reaching practical applications (e.g., biomimetics).
机译：蜂鸟的舌头会吸收无法抓住的液体，高热量的食物，这一物理挑战长期以来一直激发着对花蜜运输力学的研究。现有的生物物理模型基于方程式来预测最佳蜂鸟觅食，这些方程式假设流体以与毛细管一样的方式通过舌头上升。我们证明蜂鸟的舌头不像一对细小的静态管那样通过毛细作用吸引花蜜。取而代之的是，我们显示了舌尖是一种动态的捕集液体的装置，它在进出流体时会急剧改变其形状和形状。我们还表明，活禽和死禽中的舌液相互作用都是相同的，这表明该机制是舌头结构本身的功能，因此是高效的，因为不需要鸟的能量消耗来驱动打开和关闭陷阱。我们的结果排除了基于毛细作用的花蜜喂养模型的先前结论，并强调了开发新的蜂鸟花蜜生物物理模型的必要性。我们的发现对其他花蜜类鸟类的摄食机理的研究，以及对一般花蜜-象牙的进化的理解，都有着重要的意义。我们针对这种独特的流体捕获能力提出了概念上的机械解释，并具有广泛的实际应用（例如仿生品）。

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