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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Value-driven attentional capture
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Value-driven attentional capture

机译：价值驱动的注意力捕获

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摘要

Attention selects which aspects of sensory input are brought to awareness. To promote survival and well-being, attention prioritizes stimuli both voluntarily, according to context-specific goals (e.g., searching for car keys), and involuntarily, through attentional capture driven by physical salience (e.g., looking toward a sudden noise). Valuable stimuli strongly modulate voluntary attention allocation, but there is little evidence that high-value but con-textually irrelevant stimuli capture attention as a consequence of reward learning. Here we show that visual search for a salient target is slowed by the presence of an inconspicuous, task-irrelevant item that was previously associated with monetary reward during a brief training session. Thus, arbitrary and otherwise neutral stimuli imbued with value via associative learning capture attention powerfully and persistently during extinction, independently of goals and salience. Vulnerability to such value-driven attentional capture covaries across individuals with working memory capacity and trait impulsivity. This Unique form of attentional capture may provide a useful model for investigating failures of cognitive control in clinical syndromes in which value assigned to stimuli conflicts with behavioral goals (e.g., addiction, obesity).
机译：注意选择使感觉输入的哪些方面引起注意。为了促进生存和福祉，注意力会根据上下文特定的目标（例如，搜索汽车钥匙）自愿进行刺激的优先级设置，也可以根据身体显着性引起的注意力捕获（例如，注意突然发出的噪音）自愿进行刺激的优先级设置。有价值的刺激强烈地调节了自愿的注意力分配，但是很少有证据表明，高价值但与上下文无关的刺激是奖励学习的结果，从而引起了人们的注意。在这里，我们显示了一个显眼目标的视觉搜索由于一个不显眼，与任务无关的项目的存在而减慢了速度，该项目以前在简短的培训课程中与金钱奖励相关联。因此，通过联想学习充满价值的任意的或中性的刺激在灭绝过程中能强有力且持久地吸引注意力，而与目标和显着性无关。具有工作记忆能力和特质冲动性的个体容易受到这种价值驱动的注意力捕获协变量的影响。这种独特的注意力捕获形式可以为研究临床综合征中认知控制的失败提供有用的模型，在临床综合征中，分配给刺激的价值与行为目标（例如，成瘾，肥胖）相冲突。

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    Brian A. Anderson; Patryk A. Laurent; Steven Yantis;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218;

    Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218;

    Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
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  • 正文语种 eng
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