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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Profile of Philip N. Johnson-Laird
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Profile of Philip N. Johnson-Laird

机译：Philip N. Johnson-Laird的个人资料

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Our greatest technological accomplishments, from space travel to nuclear power and the creation of the Internet, stand as testaments to the scientific process and mankind's ability to reason. These advances, however, have been matched with equally spectacular technological catastrophes. "Scientists and technologists are rational in principle," explains Philip Johnson-Laird, a professor of psychology at Princeton University and recently elected member of the National Academy of Sciences. "But the more information they have to take into account, the more working memory they need and the longer time it takes them to make an inference." When complex technology starts spiralifig out of hand, this abundance of information hinders our ability to make reliable decisions. "Eventually," Johnson-Laird says, "the computational demands overwhelm them, and this often culminates in catastrophes." Johnson-Laird has been studying the human ability to reason for nearly a half a century. His theory of mental models, which outlines how real or imaginary situations are represented in the brain, has challenged long-held assumptions about how humans think. "Mental model theory implies that we are rational because we grasp that an inference is no good if we can think of a counterexample to it," he says. "In practice, however, we .often err, failing to find, search for, or heed a counterexample."
机译：从太空旅行到核电再到互联网的建立，我们最大的技术成就证明了科学过程和人类的推理能力。但是，这些进步也伴随着同样壮观的技术灾难。普林斯顿大学心理学教授，最近当选为美国国家科学院院士的菲利普·约翰逊（Philip Johnson-Laird）解释说：“科学家和技术人员在原则上是理性的。” “但是他们必须考虑的信息越多，需要的工作内存就越多，推理所需的时间也就越长。”当复杂的技术开始失控时，大量的信息阻碍了我们做出可靠决策的能力。 Johnson-Laird说：“最终，计算需求使它们不堪重负，而这往往导致灾难性后果。”约翰逊·莱尔德（Johnson-Laird）研究人类推理的能力已有近半个世纪。他的心理模型理论概述了大脑中真实或虚构的情况的表达方式，已经挑战了人们对人类思维的长期假设。他说：“心理模型理论意味着我们是理性的，因为我们认为，如果我们能想到一个反例，那么推断是不好的。” “但是，在实践中，我们经常会出错，找不到，搜索或留意反例。”

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