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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Autotrophic ammonia oxidation by soil thaumarchaea
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Autotrophic ammonia oxidation by soil thaumarchaea

机译：土壤紫草自养氨氧化

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摘要

Nitrification plays a central role in the global nitrogen cycle and is responsible for significant losses of nitrogen fertilizer, atmospheric pollution by the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide, and nitrate pollution of groundwaters. Ammonia oxidation, the first step in nitrification, was thought to be performed by autotrophic bacteria until the recent discovery of archaeal ammonia oxidizers. Autotrophic archaeal ammonia oxidizers have been cultivated from marine and thermal spring environments, but the relative importance of bacteria and archaea in soil nitrification is unclear and it is believed that soil archaeal ammonia oxidizers may use organic carbon, rather than growing autotrophically. In this soil microcosm study, stable isotope probing was used to demonstrate incorporation of ~(13)C-enriched carbon dioxide into the genomes of thaumarchaea possessing two functional genes: amoA, encoding a subunit of ammonia monooxygenase that catalyses the first step in ammonia oxidation; and hcd, a key gene in the autotrophic 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle, which has been found so far only in archaea. Nitrification was accompanied by increases in archaeal amoA gene abundance and changes in amoA gene diversity, but no change was observed in bacterial amoA genes. Archaeal, but not bacterial, amoA genes were also detected in ~(13)C-labeled DNA, demonstrating inorganic CO_2 fixation by archaeal, but not bacterial, ammonia oxidizers. Autotrophic archaeal ammonia oxidation was further supported by coordinate increases in amoA and hcd gene abundance in ~(13)C-labeled DNA. The results therefore provide direct evidence for a role for archaea in soil ammonia oxidation and demonstrate autotrophic growth of ammonia oxidizing archaea in soil.
机译：硝化作用在全球氮循环中起着重要作用，是造成氮肥大量损失，温室气体一氧化二氮对大气的污染以及地下水的硝酸盐污染的主要原因。氨氧化是硝化的第一步，被认为是由自养细菌进行的，直到最近发现古细菌氨氧化剂。自养古细菌氨氧化剂已经从海洋和温泉环境中培育出来，但是细菌和古细菌在土壤硝化中的相对重要性尚不清楚，并且据信土壤古细菌氨氧化剂可以使用有机碳，而不是自养。在这项土壤微观研究中，稳定的同位素探测被用来证明富含〜（13）C的二氧化碳被整合到拟南芥的基因组中，该基因组具有两个功能基因：amoA，编码氨单加氧酶的一个亚基，催化氨氧化的第一步; hcd是自养3-羟基丙酸酯/ 4-羟基丁酸酯循环中的关键基因，迄今为止仅在古细菌中发现。硝化作用伴随着古细菌amoA基因丰度的增加和amoA基因多样性的变化，但细菌amoA基因未见变化。在〜（13）C标记的DNA中也检测到了古细菌而不是细菌的amoA基因，表明古细菌而不是细菌的氨氧化剂对无机CO_2的固定。 〜（13）C标记的DNA中amoA和hcd基因丰度的协调增加进一步支持了自养古细菌氨氧化。因此，结果提供了古细菌在土壤氨氧化中的作用的直接证据，并证明了土壤中氨氧化古细菌的自养生长。

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  • 作者

    Li-Mei Zhang; rnPierre R. Offre; rnJi-Zheng He; rnDaniel T. Verhamme; rnGraeme W. Nicol; rnJames I. Prosser;

  • 作者单位

    Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;

    rnInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom;

    rnState Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;

    rnInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom;

    rnInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom;

    rnInstitute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 3UU, United Kingdom;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    ammonia oxidizers; nitrification; soil; autotrophy; stable isotope probing;

    机译：氨氧化剂硝化作用泥;自养稳定同位素探测;

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