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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Turning a plant tissue into a living cell froth through isotropic growth
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Turning a plant tissue into a living cell froth through isotropic growth

机译：通过各向同性生长将植物组织转变为活细胞泡沫

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摘要

The forms resulting from growth processes are highly sensitive to the nature of the driving impetus, and to the local properties of the medium, in particular, its isotropy or anisotropy. In turn, these local properties can be organized by growth. Here, we consider a growing plant tissue, the shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana. In plants, the resistance of the cell wall to the growing internal turgor pressure is the main factor shaping the cells and the tissues, ft is well established that the physical properties of the walls depend on the oriented deposition of the cellulose microfibrils in the extracellular matrix or cell wall; this order is correlated to the highly oriented cortical array of microtubules attached to the inner side of the plasma membrane. We used oryzalin to depolymerize microtubules and analyzed its influence on the growing meristem. This had no short-term effect, but it had a profound impact on the cell anisotropy and the resulting tissue growth. The geometry of the cells became similar to that of bubbles in a soap froth. At a multicellular scale, this switch to a local isotropy induced growth into spherical structures. A theoretical model is presented in which a cellular structure grows through the plastic yielding of its walls under turgor pressure. The simulations reproduce the geometrical properties of a normal tissue if cell division is included. If not, a "cell froth" very similar to that observed experimentally is obtained. Our results suggest strong physical constraints on the mechanisms of growth regulation.
机译：由生长过程产生的形式对驱动动力的性质以及介质的局部特性（特别是其各向同性或各向异性）高度敏感。反过来，可以通过增长来组织这些本地属性。在这里，我们考虑一个正在生长的植物组织，拟南芥的茎尖分生组织。在植物中，细胞壁对不断增长的内部膨胀压力的抵抗力是塑造细胞和组织的主要因素。人们已经充分认识到，壁的物理特性取决于纤维素微纤维在细胞外基质中的定向沉积。或细胞壁；该顺序与附着在质膜内侧的微管的高度定向皮质阵列有关。我们使用了米杂菌素使微管解聚，并分析了其对分生组织的影响。这没有短期影响，但是对细胞各向异性和最终的组织生长产生了深远的影响。泡孔的几何形状变得类似于肥皂泡沫中的气泡。在多细胞规模上，这切换到局部各向同性诱导生长成球形结构。提出了一种理论模型，其中在膨胀压力下，细胞结构通过其壁的塑性屈服而生长。如果包括细胞分裂，则模拟可再现正常组织的几何特性。如果不是，则获得与实验观察到的非常相似的“泡孔泡沫”。我们的结果表明，在生长调节机制上存在强大的物理约束。

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  • 作者

    Francis Corson; Olivier Hamant; Steffen Bohn; Jan Traas; Arezki Boudaoud; Yves Couder;

  • 作者单位

    Laboratoire de Physique Statistique (Associe au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et aux Universites Paris 6 et Paris 7), Ecole Normale Superieure, 24, Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;

    Laboratoire de Reproduction et Developpement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Ecole Normale Superieur, Lyon, 46, Allee d'ltalie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France;

    Matiere et Systemes Complexes, Batiment Condorcet, Universite Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7057, 10, Rue Alice Donon et Leonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France;

    Laboratoire de Reproduction et Developpement des Plantes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Ecole Normale Superieur, Lyon, 46, Allee d'ltalie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07, France;

    Laboratoire de Physique Statistique (Associe au Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et aux Universites Paris 6 et Paris 7), Ecole Normale Superieure, 24, Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France;

    Matiere et Systemes Complexes, Batiment Condorcet, Universite Paris 7 Denis Diderot, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unite Mixte de Recherche 7057, 10, Rue Alice Donon et Leonie Duquet, 75013 Paris, France;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    shoot apical meristem; turgor regulation; microtubules; development; modeling;

    机译：射出顶端分生组织;膨胀调节;微管;发展造型;

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