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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Universal behavior of the osmotically compressed cell and its analogy to the colloidal glass transition
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Universal behavior of the osmotically compressed cell and its analogy to the colloidal glass transition

机译：渗透压细胞的普遍行为及其与胶态玻璃化转变的比喻

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摘要

Mechanical robustness of the cell under different modes of stress and deformation is essential to its survival and function. Under tension, mechanical rigidity is provided by the cytoskeletal network; with increasing stress, this network stiffens, providing increased resistance to deformation. However, a cell must also resist compression, which will inevitably occur whenever cell volume is decreased during such biologically important processes as anhydrobiosis and apoptosis. Under compression, individual filaments can buckle, thereby reducing the stiffness and weakening the cytoskeletal network. However, the intracellular space is crowded with macromolecules and organelles that can resist compression. A simple picture describing their behavior is that of colloidal particles; colloids exhibit a sharp increase in viscosity with increasing volume fraction, ultimately undergoing a glass transition and becoming a solid. We investigate the consequences of these 2 competing effects and show that as a cell is compressed by hyperosmotic stress it becomes progressively more rigid. Although this stiffening behavior depends somewhat on cell type, starting conditions, molecular motors, and cytoskeletal contributions, its dependence on solid volume fraction is exponential in every instance. This universal behavior suggests that compression-induced weakening of the network is overwhelmed by crowding-induced stiffening of the cytoplasm. We also show that compression dramatically slows intracellular relaxation processes. The increase in stiffness, combined with the slowing of relaxation processes, is reminiscent of a glass transition of colloidal suspensions, but only when comprised of deformable particles. Our work provides a means to probe the physical nature of the cytoplasm under compression, and leads to results that are universal across cell type.
机译：在不同的应力和变形模式下，电池的机械强度对于其生存和功能至关重要。在张力下，细胞骨架网络提供了机械刚度。随着应力的增加，该网络变硬，从而增加了抗变形能力。然而，细胞还必须抵抗压缩，这在无水生物学和细胞凋亡等生物学重要过程中，每当细胞体积减少时，不可避免地会发生压缩。在压缩下，单个细丝会弯曲，从而降低刚度并削弱细胞骨架网络。但是，细胞内空间充斥着可以抵抗压缩的大分子和细胞器。描述其行为的简单图片就是胶体粒子。胶体的粘度随体积分数的增加而急剧增加，最终经历玻璃化转变并变成固体。我们研究了这两种竞争效应的结果，并显示出当细胞被高渗压力压缩时，它会变得越来越坚硬。尽管这种硬化行为在某种程度上取决于细胞类型，起始条件，分子运动和细胞骨架的贡献，但在每种情况下其对固体体积分数的依赖性都是指数级的。这种普遍的行为表明，压缩诱导的网络削弱被拥挤诱导的细胞质硬化所淹没。我们还显示，压缩显着减慢了细胞内松弛过程。刚度的增加与松弛过程的减慢相结合，使人联想到胶体悬浮液的玻璃化转变，但仅当由可变形颗粒组成时才如此。我们的工作提供了一种手段来探测受压细胞质的物理性质，并导致跨细胞类型通用的结果。

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    E. H. Zhou; X. Trepat; C. Y. Park; G. Lenormand; M. N. Oliver; S. M. Mijailovich; C. Hardin; D. A. Weitz; J. P. Butler; J. J. Fredberg;

  • 作者单位

    Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115;

    Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 University of Barcelona, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;

    Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115;

    Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115;

    Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115;

    Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115;

    Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114;

    School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;

    Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115 Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;

    Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    compression; cytoplasm; cytoskeleton; mechanotransduction; stiffness;

    机译：压缩;细胞质细胞骨架机械转导;刚性;

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