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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Nine exceptional radiations plus high turnover explain species diversity in jawed vertebrates
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Nine exceptional radiations plus high turnover explain species diversity in jawed vertebrates

机译：九种异常辐射加上高周转率解释了颌骨脊椎动物的物种多样性

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摘要

The uneven distribution of species richness is a fundamental and unexplained pattern of vertebrate biodiversity. Although species richness in groups like mammals, birds, or teleost fishes is often attributed to accelerated cladogenesis, we lack a quantitative conceptual framework for identifying and comparing the exceptional changes of tempo in vertebrate evolutionary history. We develop MEDUSA, a stepwise approach based upon the Akaike information criterion for detecting multiple shifts in birth and death rates on an inompletely resolved phytogeny. We apply MEDUSA incompletely to a diversity tree summarizing both evolutionary relationships and species richness of 44 major clades of jawed vertebrates. We identify 9 major changes in the tempo of gnathostome diversification; the most significant of these lies at the base of a clade that includes most of the coral-reef associated fishes as well as cichlids and perches. Rate increases also underlie several well recognized tetrapod radiations, including most modern birds, lizards and snakes, ostariophysan fishes, and most eutherian mammals. In addition, we find that large sections of the vertebrate tree exhibit nearly equal rates of origination and extinction, providing some of the first evidence from molecular data for the importance of faunal turnover in shaping biodiversity. Together, these results reveal living vertebrate biodiversity to be the product of volatile turnover punctuated by 6 accelerations responsible for >85% of all species as well as 3 slowdowns that have produced "living fossils." In addition, by revealing the timing of the exceptional pulses of vertebrate diversification as well as the clades that experience them, our diversity tree provides a framework for evaluating particular causal hypotheses of vertebrate radiations.
机译：物种丰富度的不均匀分布是脊椎动物生物多样性的一种基本且无法解释的模式。尽管哺乳动物，鸟类或硬骨鱼类等群体的物种丰富度通常归因于加速的cladogenesis，但我们缺乏定量的概念框架来识别和比较脊椎动物进化史上速度的异常变化。我们开发了MEDUSA，这是一种基于Akaike信息标准的逐步方法，可用于检测不完全解析的植物遗传学上出生率和死亡率的多个变化。我们未将MEDUSA完整地应用到多样性树上，该树总结了44个主要脊椎动物的进化枝的进化关系和物种丰富度。我们确定了gnathostome多样化节奏中的9个主要变化。其中最重要的是位于进化枝的底部，该进化枝包括大部分与珊瑚礁相关的鱼类以及丽鱼和鲈鱼。速率增加也是一些公认的四足动物辐射的基础，其中包括大多数现代鸟类，蜥蜴和蛇，ostariophysan鱼和大多数以太哺乳动物。此外，我们发现脊椎动物树的大部分显示出几乎相同的起源和灭绝速率，这提供了一些分子数据的初步证据，证明了动物更新对塑造生物多样性的重要性。这些结果加在一起，表明活的脊椎动物生物多样性是不稳定的营业额的产物，其中有6种加速作用占所有物种的85％以上，而3种减速产生了“活化石”。另外，通过揭示脊椎动物多样化异常脉冲的时机以及经历它们的进化枝，我们的多样性树为评估脊椎动物辐射的特定因果假设提供了框架。

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  • 作者

    Michael E. Alfaro; Francesco Santini; Chad Brock; Hugo Alamillo; Alex Dornburg; Daniel L. Rabosky; Giorgio Carnevale; Luke J. Harmon;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;

    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095;

    School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164;

    School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164;

    Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520;

    Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850 Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850;

    Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra and Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Universita di Pisa, Pisa, 56100 Italy;

    Department of Biology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    evolutionary radiation; macroevolution; phylogeny;

    机译：进化辐射宏观进化系统发育;

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