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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Scaling laws between population and facility densities
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Scaling laws between population and facility densities

机译：人口密度与设施密度之间的比例定律

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摘要

When a new facility like a grocery store, a school, or a fire station is planned, its location should ideally be determined by the necessities of people who live nearby. Empirically, it has been found that there exists a positive correlation between facility and population densities. In the present work, we investigate the ideal relation between the population and the facility densities within the framework of an economic mechanism governing microdynam-ics. In previous studies based on the global optimization of facility positions in minimizing the overall travel distance between people and facilities, it was shown that the density of facility D and that of population p should follow a simple power law D ～ ρ~(2/3). In our empirical analysis, on the other hand, the power-law exponent α in D ～ ρ~α is not a fixed value but spreads in a broad range depending on facility types. To explain this discrepancy in α, we propose a model based on economic mechanisms that mimic the competitive balance between the profit of the facilities and the social opportunity cost for populations. Through our simple, microscopically driven model, we show that commercial facilities driven by the profit of the facilities have α = 1, whereas public facilities driven by the social opportunity cost have α = 2/3. We simulate this model to find the optimal positions of facilities on a real U.S. map and show that the results are consistent with the empirical data.
机译：当计划新建一家杂货店，学校或消防局之类的设施时，理想情况下，其位置应由附近居民的生活需要决定。根据经验，已经发现设施和人口密度之间存在正相关。在当前的工作中，我们在控制微观动力学的经济机制框架内研究人口与设施密度之间的理想关系。在先前的基于设施位置的全局优化以最小化人与设施之间的总体旅行距离的研究中，表明设施D和人口p的密度应遵循简单的幂定律D〜ρ〜（2/3 ）。另一方面，在我们的经验分析中，D〜ρ〜α中的幂律指数α不是固定值，而是根据设施类型而在较大范围内扩展。为了解释α中的这种差异，我们提出了一种基于经济机制的模型，该模型模仿了设施的利润与人口的社会机会成本之间的竞争平衡。通过我们的简单的微观驱动模型，我们表明，由设施利润驱动的商业设施的α= 1，而由社会机会成本驱动的公共设施的α= 2/3。我们对该模型进行了仿真，以在实际的美国地图上找到设施的最佳位置，并表明结果与经验数据一致。

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  • 作者

    Jaegon Um; Seung-Woo Son; Sung-lk Lee; Hawoong Jeong; Beom Jun Kim;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea;

    Department of Physics, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea;

    National Creative Research Initiative Center for Superconductivity, Department of Physics, Sogang University, Seoul, 121-742, Korea;

    Department of Physics, Institute for the BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Korea;

    BK21 Physics Research Division and Department of Energy Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    optimal positioning; social opportunity cost; microdynamics model;

    机译：最佳定位;社会机会成本;微观动力学模型;

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