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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Photolysis of iron-siderophore chelates promotes bacterial-algal mutualism
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Photolysis of iron-siderophore chelates promotes bacterial-algal mutualism

机译：铁-铁螯合物螯合物的光解促进细菌-藻类共生

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摘要

Marine microalgae support world fisheries production and influence climate through various mechanisms. They are also responsible for harmful blooms that adversely impact coastal ecosystems and economies. Optimal growth and survival of many bloom-forming microalgae, including climatically important dinoflagellates and coccolith-ophores, requires the close association of specific bacterial species, but the reasons for these associations are unknown. Here, we report that several clades of Marinobacter ubiquitously found in close association with dinoflagellates and coccolithophores produce an unusual lower-affinity dicitrate siderophore, vibrioferrin (VF). Fe-VF chelates undergo photolysis at rates that are 10-20 times higher than siderophores produced by free-living marine bacteria, and unlike the latter, the VF photoproduct has no measurable affinity for iron. While both an algal-associated bacterium and a representative dinoflagel-late partner, Scrippsiella trochoidea, used iron from Fe-VF chelates in the dark, in situ photolysis of the chelates in the presence of attenuated sunlight increased bacterial iron uptake by 70% and algal uptake by >20-fold. These results suggest that the bacteria promote algal assimilation of iron by facilitating photochemical redox cycling of this critical nutrient. Also, binary culture experiments and genomic evidence suggest that the algal cells release organic molecules that are used by the bacteria for growth. Such mutualistic sharing of iron and fixed carbon has important implications toward our understanding of the close beneficial interactions between marine bacteria and phytoplankton, and the effect of these interactions on algal blooms and climate.
机译：海洋微藻通过各种机制支持世界渔业生产并影响气候。它们还对有害的水华负责，这些水华对沿海生态系统和经济产生不利影响。许多形成花粉的微藻（包括对气候有重要意义的鞭毛藻和可可巨噬细胞）的最佳生长和存活，都需要特定细菌物种的紧密联系，但这些联系的原因尚不清楚。在这里，我们报告说，广泛发现与鞭毛鞭毛藻和球藻鞘菌紧密相关的数个Marinobacter进化枝产生了一种异常的低亲和力的柠檬酸铁载体，弧菌铁蛋白（VF）。 Fe-VF螯合物的光解速率比自由活动的海洋细菌产生的铁载体高10-20倍，并且与后者不同，VF光产品对铁没有可测量的亲和力。与藻类相关的细菌和代表性的鞭毛纲鞭毛藻都在黑暗中使用了Fe-VF螯合物中的铁，在减弱的阳光下原位对螯合物进行光解，使细菌铁的吸收增加了70％，藻类摄取量> 20倍。这些结果表明，细菌通过促进这种关键营养素的光化学氧化还原循环而促进了铁的藻类同化作用。同样，二进制培养实验和基因组证据表明，藻类细胞会释放出细菌用来生长的有机分子。铁和固定碳的这种相互共享对我们理解海洋细菌和浮游植物之间密切的有益相互作用以及这些相互作用对藻华和气候的影响具有重要意义。

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  • 作者

    Shady A. Amin; David H. Green; Mark C. Hart; Frithjof C. Kuepper; William G. Sunda; Carl J. Carrano;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030;

    Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom;

    Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom;

    Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom;

    Beaufort Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Beaufort, NC 28516;

    Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182-1030;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    algal blooms; iron acquisition; vibrioferrin; marinobacter photochemistry;

    机译：藻华铁收购弧菌铁蛋白马林杆菌光化学;

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