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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Ejaculate components delay reproductive senescence while elevating female reproductive rate in an insect
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Ejaculate components delay reproductive senescence while elevating female reproductive rate in an insect

机译：射精成分延缓生殖衰老，同时提高昆虫的雌性生殖率

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Increased female reproductive rates usually result in accelerated senescence. This correlation provides a link between the evolutionary conflict of the sexes and aging when ejaculate components elevate female reproductive rates at the cost of future reproduction. It is not clear whether this female cost is manifest as shorter lifespan or an earlier onset or a steeper rate of reproductive senescence. It also is unclear whether beneficial ejaculates release females from reproductive trade-offs and, if so, which senescence parameters are affected. We examined these issues in the bedbug, Cimex lectularius, a long-lived insect that shows reduced female lifespan as well as female reproductive senescence at the male-determined mating frequency. We demonstrate experimentally that, independently of the mating frequency, females receiving more ejaculate show increased reproductive rates and enter reproductive senescence later than females receiving less ejaculate. The rate of reproductive senescence did not differ between treatments, and reproductive rates did not predict mortality. The ejaculate effects were consistent in inter- and intra-population crosses, suggesting they have not evolved recently and are not caused by inbreeding. Our results suggest that ejaculate components compensate for the costs of elevated female reproductive rates in bedbugs by delaying the onset of reproductive senescence. Ejaculate components that are beneficial to polyandrous females could have arisen because male traits that protect the ejaculate have positive pleiotropic effects and/or because female counter-adaptations to antagonistic male traits exceed the neutralization of those traits. That males influence female reproductive senescence has important consequences for trade-offs between reproduction and longevity and for studies of somatic senescence.
机译：女性生殖率提高通常会加速衰老。当射精成分以未来生殖为代价提高女性生殖率时，这种相关性为性别的进化冲突和衰老之间提供了联系。目前尚不清楚这种女性成本是否表现为寿命较短，发病较早或生殖衰老率更高。尚不清楚有益的射精是否能使雌性从生殖的权衡中释放出来，如果这样的话，哪些衰老参数会受到影响。我们在臭虫Cimex lectularius中发现了这些问题，Cimex lectularius是一种长寿昆虫，在雄性决定的交配频率下，雌性寿命降低，雌性生殖衰老。我们通过实验证明，与交配频率无关，射精更多的雌性比射精少的雌性显示出更高的繁殖率和更晚进入生殖衰老。两种疗法之间的生殖衰老率没有差异，生殖率也不能预测死亡率。射精效应在种群间和种群内杂交中是一致的，表明它们最近没有进化，并且不是近亲繁殖引起的。我们的结果表明，射精成分可以通过延缓生殖衰老的发生来弥补臭虫女性生殖率升高的代价。可能出现了对一夫多妻制女性有利的射精成分，这是因为保护射精的男性性状具有正性多效作用和/或因为女性对拮抗男性性状的反适应作用超过了这些性状的中和作用。雄性影响雌性生殖衰老对于生殖与寿命之间的权衡以及对体细胞衰老的研究具有重要意义。

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