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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Adaptation increases the likelihood of diversification in an experimental bacterial lineage
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Adaptation increases the likelihood of diversification in an experimental bacterial lineage

机译：适应性增加了实验细菌谱系多​​样化的可能性

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摘要

Understanding the mechanisms and processes that generate biological diversity is a fundamental problem in evolution and ecology. In the past decade, the theory of evolutionary branching and adaptive diversification has provided new perspectives for understanding the evolution of diversity caused by ecological interactions. In models of adaptive diversification, the fitness landscapes change dynamically, so that the likelihood of diversification into different phenotypic clusters increases over time. In contrast, in models with static fitness landscapes, the likelihood of diversification decreases as populations climb fitness peaks, because crossing maladaptive fitness valleys becomes increasingly difficult. We used experimental evolution in bacteria to test how the likelihood of diversification changes over time in a bacterial lineage that has diversified in sympatry from a single ancestral strain. By analyzing the "fossil" record of this lineage, and restarting the lineage from different time points in the evolutionary past, we demonstrate that: (ⅰ) the lineage has initially undergone a phase of directional adaptation to the competitive environment, and (ⅱ) during this phase, the likelihood of diversification increases significantly over time. These results suggest evolutionary branching caused by frequency-dependent competition as the main mechanism of diversification in our experimental populations.
机译：了解产生生物多样性的机制和过程是进化和生态学中的一个基本问题。在过去的十年中，进化分支和适应性多样化理论为理解由生态相互作用引起的多样性演化提供了新的视角。在适应性多样化模型中，适应度动态变化，因此随着时间的推移，多样化进入不同表型簇的可能性会增加。相反，在具有静态适应度景观的模型中，随着人口攀登适应度峰值，多样化的可能性会降低，因为穿越适应不良适应度的山谷变得越来越困难。我们使用细菌中的实验进化来测试在单一祖传菌株的共生菌中多样化的细菌谱系中多样化的可能性如何随时间变化。通过分析该世系的“化石”记录，并从进化过去的不同时间点重新开始世系，我们证明：（ⅰ）世系最初已经历了对竞争环境的方向适应阶段，并且（ⅱ）在此阶段，多元化的可能性会随着时间的推移而显着增加。这些结果表明，由频率依赖性竞争引起的进化分支是我们实验种群多样化的主要机制。

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