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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >A giant frog with South American affinities from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar
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A giant frog with South American affinities from the Late Cretaceous of Madagascar

机译：马达加斯加白垩纪晚期具有南美亲缘关系的巨型青蛙

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摘要

Madagascar has a diverse but mainly endemic frog fauna, the biogeographic history of which has generated intense debate, fueled by recent molecular phylogenetic analyses and the near absence of a fossil record. Here, we describe a recently discovered Late Cretaceous anuran that differs strikingly in size and morphology from extant Malagasy taxa and is unrelated either to them or to the predicted occupants of the Madagascar-Seychelles-India landmass when it separated from Africa 160 million years ago (Mya). Instead, the previously undescribed anuran is attributed to the Ceratophryinae, a clade previously considered endemic to South America. The discovery offers a rare glimpse of the anuran assemblage that occupied Madagascar before the Tertiary radiation of mantellids and microhylids that now dominate the anuran fauna. In addition, the presence of a ceratophryine provides support for a controversial paleobiogeographical model that posits physical and biotic links among Madagascar, the Indian subcontinent, and South America that persisted well into the Late Cretaceous. It also suggests that the initial radiation of hyloid anurans began earlier than proposed by some recent estimates.
机译：马达加斯加拥有多种多样但主要是地方性的青蛙动物区系，其生物地理历史引起了激烈的争论，这是由于最近的分子系统发育分析和几乎没有化石记录而引起的。在这里，我们描述了最近发现的晚白垩纪无核动物，其大小和形态与现存的马达加斯加分类群显着不同，并且与它们或与马达加斯加-塞舌尔群岛-印度的大陆从1.6亿年前分离时的占有者无关（玛雅）。取而代之的是，先前未描述的无色动物归因于Ceratophryinae，这是先前被认为是南美洲特有的进化枝。这一发现使人们对马达加斯加所占据的无脊椎动物组合有了一个难得的了解，而在现在支配无脊椎动物的人形动物和微脂虫的第三次辐射之前。另外，存在一种富含铜硅石的植物，为有争议的古生物地理模型提供了支持，该模型在马达加斯加，印度次大陆和南美之间建立了物理和生物联系，并一直持续到白垩纪晚期。这也表明，胶基无氧核苷酸的初始辐射开始于一些最近的估计所提议的时间。

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