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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Environmental regulation in a network of simulated microbial ecosystems
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Environmental regulation in a network of simulated microbial ecosystems

机译：模拟微生物生态系统网络中的环境调节

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摘要

The Earth possesses a number of regulatory feedback mechanisms involving life. In the absence of a population of competing biospheres, it has proved hard to find a robust evolutionary mechanism that would generate environmental regulation. It has been suggested that regulation must require altruistic environmental alterations by organisms and, therefore, would be evolutionary unstable. This need not be the case if organisms alter the environment as a selectively neutral by-product of their metabolism, as in the majority of biogeochemical reactions, but a question then arises: Why should the combined by-product effects of the biota have a stabilizing, rather than destabilizing, influence on the environment? Under certain conditions, selection acting above the level of the individual can be an effective adaptive force. Here we present an evolutionary simulation model in which environmental regulation involving higher-level selection robustly emerges in a network of interconnected microbial ecosystems. Spatial structure creates conditions for a limited form of higher-level selection to act on the collective environment-altering properties of local communities. Local communities that improve their environmental conditions achieve larger populations and are better colonizers of available space, whereas local communities that degrade their environment shrink and become susceptible to invasion. The spread of environment-improving communities alters the global environment toward the optimal conditions for growth and tends to regulate against external perturbations. This work suggests a mechanism for environmental regulation that is consistent with evolutionary theory.
机译：地球拥有许多涉及生命的监管反馈机制。在缺乏竞争性生物圈的情况下，事实证明很难找到能产生环境调节作用的强大进化机制。有人提出，监管必须要求生物体无私地改变环境，因此，进化将是不稳定的。如果生物体像大多数生物地球化学反应那样将环境作为其代谢的选择性中性副产物来改变环境，则情况并非如此，但随后出现一个问题：为什么生物群的综合副产物效应应具有稳定作用而不是破坏稳定对环境的影响？在某些条件下，选择超出个人水平的选择可能是有效的适应力。在这里，我们提出了一个进化模拟模型，其中涉及较高级别选择的环境调节在互连的微生物生态系统网络中稳健出现。空间结构为高级选择的有限形式创造了条件，以对地方社区的改变环境的集体特性起作用。改善环境条件的当地社区人口增加，是可用空间的更好殖民者，而环境恶化的本地社区则变得狭窄，容易受到入侵。改善环境的社区的扩散使全球环境朝着最佳增长条件发展，并趋向于规避外部干扰。这项工作提出了一种与进化理论相一致的环境调节机制。

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