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首页> 外文期刊>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America >Differential vascularization of nematode-induced feeding sites
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Differential vascularization of nematode-induced feeding sites

机译：线虫诱导的取食部位的差异性血管形成

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摘要

Sedentary nematodes are destructive plant pathogens that cause significant yield losses. In the roots of their host plants, cyst nematodes (CNs) and root-knot nematodes (RKNs) induce different, highly specialized feeding sites-syncytia or giant cells (GCs), respectively-to optimize nutrient uptake. We compared the mechanisms by which nutrients are delivered from the model host plant, Arabidopsis, to GCs induced by the RKN Meloidogyne incognita or to syncytia induced by the CN Heterodera schachtii. From previous work, syncytia were known to be symplastically connected to newly formed host phloem composed of sieve elements (SEs) and companion cells. Here we studied the formation of plasmodesmata (PD) during GC and syncytia development by monitoring a viral movement protein that targets branched PD and the development of host phloem during GC formation by applying confocal laser scanning microscopy and immunocytochemistry. Analyses of plants expressing soluble or membrane-anchored green fluorescent protein in their phloem demonstrated symplastic isolation of GCs. GCs were found to be embedded in a tissue that consists exclusively of SEs. These de novo-formed SEs, contained nuclei and were interconnected by secondary PD. A similar interconnection of SEs was observed around syncytia. However, these secondary PD were also present at the SE-syncytium interface, demonstrating the postulated symplastic connection. Our results show that CNs and RKNs, despite their close phylogenetic relat-edness, employ fundamentally different strategies to withdraw nutrients from host plants.
机译：久坐的线虫是破坏性植物病原体，会导致大量的产量损失。在其寄主植物的根中，囊肿线虫（CN）和根结线虫（RKN）分别诱导不同的高度专门化的食源性合胞体或巨细胞（GC），以优化养分吸收。我们比较了从模型寄主植物拟南芥向RKN Meloidogyne incognita诱导的GC或CN Heterodera schachtii诱导的合胞体递送营养的机制。从以前的工作中，已知合胞体与新形成的宿主韧皮部共生连接，该宿主韧皮部由筛元（SEs）和陪伴细胞组成。在这里，我们通过应用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜和免疫细胞化学技术，通过监测靶向分支PD的病毒运动蛋白以及GC形成过程中宿主韧皮部的发育，研究了GC和合胞体发育过程中的浆膜瘤（PD）的形成。对在韧皮部表达可溶性或膜锚定绿色荧光蛋白的植物进行分析表明，它们具有GC的共生分离。发现GC嵌入仅由SE组成的组织中。这些从头形成的SE包含核，并通过次级PD相互连接。在合胞体周围观察到SE的类似相互连接。但是，这些次生PD也存在于SE合胞体界面上，表明了假定的共生连接。我们的结果表明，尽管CNs和RKNs有着密切的系统发育关系，但它们采用根本不同的策略从宿主植物中提取养分。

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